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Social and Moral Issues of Gaming

Social and Moral Issues of Gaming. WARNING: These slides contain explicit images of adult material (violence, nudity, sexual situations, etc.) Anyone not wishing to view this material may be excused from this presentation. Early Controversies. 1976 Death Race (Pedestrian)

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Social and Moral Issues of Gaming

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  1. Social and Moral Issues of Gaming • WARNING: These slides contain explicit images of adult material (violence, nudity, sexual situations, etc.) • Anyone not wishing to view this material may be excused from this presentation

  2. Early Controversies • 1976 Death Race (Pedestrian) • Inspired by Death Race 2000 • Featured on 60 Minutes • 1981 Castle Wolfenstein • FPS: kill Nazis • 1983 Custer’s Revenge • Other Mystique titles: • Beat ‘Em and Eat ‘Em, • Bachelor Party

  3. History: ESRB Formed • 1992 Night Trap • College girls killed by vampires • No nudity or rape • 1992 Mortal Kombat • Impending congressional hearings • IDSA (Now ESA) formed ESRB: • EC,E,T,M,AO • 7222 “E” , 2638 “T”, 864 “M”, 18 “AO” • 2001 FTC: 80% retail let minors buy “M” • 5 Minute Assignment: • Break into groups of 4 • Go to ESRB.org and look at game ratings • Is ESRB Effective?

  4. Doom • 1994 id Software • 1999 Columbine Shootings • Rocky Mountain News: • "His [Eric Harris] nickname, Reb, was inspired by a character in one of his favorite computer games, Doom, where the goal is to score high body counts." • "one of the game's slogans: 'Doom -- where the sanest place is behind a trigger.'" • sawed-off shotgun on his lap that he called "Arlene"--a Doom reference. • Lawsuit filed against id and 24 companies seeking $25B • Filed and dismissed in 2001

  5. Grand Theft Auto:More than just violence • Violence: • Highjacking, drugs, porn, killing • 2001 GTAIII delayed to change NY scenes after 9/11 • Other Controversies: • "Kill the Haitians : NY mayor, Miami ordinance • 2003, $246M lawsuit for one family's loss of a member who was killed and for the other's whose was injured when two teenaged boys fired upon their cars with rifles--an act the boys claimed they learned from GTAIII • March 2005: 60 Minutes featured Devin Moore who killed 3 police officers after stealing car

  6. Some Other Controversial Games: Violence • Kingpin: Life of Crime • Soldier of Fortune • Manhunt • Carmageddon • Phantasmagoria

  7. 9/11 Related • Microsoft Flight Simulator • introduction included a player commenting on the possibility of crashing into the Empire State Building and how "cool" that would be • Removed images of Twin Towers before release • Fugitive Hunter: War on Terror • track and eliminate fugitives • #1: Osama Bin Laden

  8. Sex, Nudity, & Gender Stereotyping • Females • often captured girlfriends or princesses that need to be rescued. • often portrayed as being sexy and seductive, irrelevant characters • Few American games feature nudity • Controversial Games: • Custer’s Revenge • Leisure Suit Larry • Tomb Raider • BMX XXX • Dead or Alive • GTA • Playboy: • “TheMansion” • Bloodrayne in Playboy Magazine • iBod, PSP

  9. Japan: bishojo • centered around interactions with attractive anime-style girls • girls are nearly always "perfect", feminine • Highschool or fantasy setting • 14-17 y.o.,cute, Anime • Circumvent Japanese child pornography laws • H-games : pornographic content • ren’ai: dating sims • Some companies got start in H-games • Koei: Dynasty Warrior • Enix: Dragon Quest • Sample Bishojo games

  10. Other Controversies • Propaganda • America’s Army • Islamic Fun • 9/12 • John Kerry’s Silver Star • Ethnic Cleansing • Historically Sensitive • JFK Reloaded • War Games (Vietnam) • Religious, Pagan, Magic, Cult

  11. Stereotypes • Characters • 64% of characters are male, • 19% are nonhuman, and only • 17% are female. • Ethnicity • 86% of heroes were white males • 83% of African American males in games are athletes • (79%) African American males engaged in physical and verbal aggression compared to only 57% of white competitors • 86% African American females were victims of violence in the games that were surveyed. • 2x white females. • Latino, Asian/Pacific Islander, and Native American characters are virtually absent. • Sexuality: homosexuals

  12. Gambling • US not officially determined whether or not online gambling is legal • Federal Wire Act: law prohibiting the operation of certain types of betting businesses • The US Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals has ruled that the Wire Act applies only to sports betting and not other types of online gambling. • The Supreme Court has not officially ruled on the meaning of the Federal Wire Act as it pertains to online gambling. • DOJ pressured Yahoo! & Google to remove ads • Credit Card companies don’t allow payments • What about Yu-Gi-Oh? • What about Sony’s Station Exchange?

  13. Other Social/Moral Issues • Child development • Social interaction • Obesity • Brain Development (Kawashima study) • ADHD (cause/treatment) • Addiction • Agression • 210 college students played either a violent (Wolfenstein 3D) or non-violent video game (Myst). • Later, students who played the violent video were found to be more aggressive via duration they "punished" opponent by blasting them with loud noise. • Public gaming • Disturbances • Content

  14. 5 Minute Question: • What should be the responsibility of the Game Developer/Publisher?

  15. ESA Study • 802 random adults: 23.4 hours per week on other activities, compared to 6.8 hours per week playing games. Avid gamers — those who play games 11 or more hours per week — spend 34.5 hours per week on the activities • 79% exercising or playing sports at an average of 20 hours a month •  45% volunteer at an average 5.4 hours per month. • 61% engage in some type of religious activity for several hours each month.  • 93% read books or daily newspapers • 62% often attend cultural events, such as concerts, museums, or the theater.  • 50% spend time painting, writing, or playing an instrument. • 94% follow news and current events, and 78 percent report that they vote in most of the elections for which they are eligible.

  16. Assignment:Essay • Pick a game that has controversy in one of the areas that we discussed. Describe the game (theme, gameplay, visuals, etc..) Discuss the social/moral effects the game might have (both sides of argument using your views and research.) • 3-5 pages double-space (images do not count toward page count. • Topics must first be approved. Submitted by Saturday noon. Notification Saturday evening.

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