1 / 11

Development of Theories of Crime

Development of Theories of Crime. Past to present Francis Cullen & Robert Agnew (1999). Biological & Psychological Theories of Crime. The criminal Man: Cesare Lombroso (1911) Genetic drawbacks, born criminal; Positivism Unraveling Juvenile Delinquency: Glueck & Glueck (1950)

Patman
Download Presentation

Development of Theories of Crime

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Development of Theories of Crime Past to present Francis Cullen & Robert Agnew (1999)

  2. Biological & Psychological Theories of Crime • The criminal Man: Cesare Lombroso (1911) • Genetic drawbacks, born criminal; Positivism • Unraveling Juvenile Delinquency: Glueck & Glueck (1950) • Individual traits: hyperactivity, impulsivity, sensation seeking • Social Learning and Aggression: Albert Bandura (1973) • Aggression is reinforced and punished • Crime and Human Nature: Wilson & Herrnstein (1985) • Individual’s perception of the reward and costs of crime are influenced by individual traits and social environment • Pathways in the Life course to crime: Terrie E. Moffitt (1933) • Adolescent-limited offending, life course-persistent offending

  3. The Chicago School: The City, Social Disorganization and Crime Juvenile Delinquency and Urban Areas: Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay (1942) • Macro-level ecology of crime drawing from Burgess’s city map (zone in transition); breakdown of the social institutions (e.g., family disruption) • Community Social Disorganization and Crime: Robert Sampson and Byron Groves (1989) • Community varied in their informal social control • Macrostructural factors caused race-based inequality in urban ghetto; concentrated disadvantages

  4. Learning to be a Criminal: Differential Association, Subcultural, and Social Learning Theories • A Theory of Differential Association: Edwin Sutherland and Donald Cressey (1960) • Individual commits crime because of an excess of definitions favorable to violation of law over definitions unfavorable to the violation. • Techniques of Neutralization: Gresham Sykes and David Matza (1957) • Denial of responsibility, injury, victim; the condemnation of condemners; the appeal to higher loyalties • A Social Learning Theory of Crime: Ronald Akers (1994) • Beliefs, reinforcement, imitation • The Thesis of a Subculture of Violence: Marvin Wolfgang and Franco Ferracuti (1982) • The Code of the Streets: Elijah Anderson (1994)

  5. Anomie/Strain Theories of Crime • Social Structure and Anomie: Robert Merton (1938) • Strong emphasis on the goal; weak emphasis on the legitimate norms for achievement • Delinquent Boys: The Culture of the Gang: Albert Cohen (1955) • Goal blockage; broader goals; rejection of middle class values • Delinquency and Opportunity: Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin (1960) • Criminal subcultures (theft); conflict subcultures (fighting); retreatist subcultures (drug use) • Crime and the American Dream: Richard Rosenfeld and Steven Messner (1995) • It’s not how you play the game; it’s whether you win or lose • A General Strain Theory of Crime and Delinquency: Robert Agnew (1992) - three sources of strain (prevent, remove, present)

  6. Varieties of Control Theory • Social Bond Theory: Travis Hirschi (1969) • Why don’t they do it?; attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief • A General Theory of Crime: Michael Gottfredson and Travis Hirschi (1990) • Self-control theory; ineffective child-rearing • Crime and the Life Course: Robert Sampson and John Laub (1993) • Change, transition, life events (marriage, job) • A Power-Control Theory of Gender: John Hagan (1989) • Power relations between father and mother (patriarchal vs. egalitarian)

  7. Integrated Theories of Crime • An Integrated Theoretical Perspective on Delinquent Behavior: Elliott, et al (1979) • End-to-end strategy; strain, learning, control • Toward an Integrated Theory of Delinquency: Terence Thornberry (1987) • Developmental process, reciprocal effects • Social Support and Crime: Francis Cullen (1994) • Common theme (I.e., social support)

  8. Rational Choice and Routine Activities Theories • Crime and Punishment: an Economic Approach: Gary Becker (1968) • Number of offenses is a function of probabilies of arrest, severity • Crime as a Rational Choice: Derek Cornish and Ronald Clarke (1986) • Making of decisions and of choice as rationality • Routine Activity Theory: Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson (1979) • Motivated offender (given), suitable target (benefit), absence of guardian (cost)

  9. Labeling, Interaction, and Crime: Societal Reaction and the Creation of Criminals • Crime and the Community: Tannenbaum • Dramatization of Evil • Primary and Secondary Deviance: Edwin Lemert (1952) • Reflected Appraisals, Parental Labeling, and Delinquency: Ross Matsueda (1992) • Symbolic interactionism • Crime, Shame, and Reintegration: John Braithwaite (1989)

  10. Critical Criminology: Power, Inequality, and Crime • Criminality and Economic Conditions: William Adrian Bonger (1969) • Egoism, bourgeois crime, class character of penal law • Class, State, and Crime: Richard Quinney (1980) • Peacemaking criminology; social justice • Delinquency and the Age Structure of Society: David Greenberg (1977) • delinquency within historically structured conditions; masculine status anxiety • An Integrated Structural-Marxist Theory of Delinquency: Mark Colvin and John Pauly (1983) • Parents’ class position in labor market; coercive sanction • Social Capital and Crime: John Hagan (1994) • Social capital, cultural capital, recapitalization

  11. Feminist Theories: Gender, Power, and Crime • Sisters in Crime: Freda Adler • Feminism and Criminology: Kathleen Daly and Meda Chesney-Lind • Masculinities and Crime: James Messerschmidt

More Related