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PSY 203

PSY 203. Chapter 6 Emotional and Social Development in Infancy & Toddlerhood. Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development. Trust vs. mistrust Autonomy vs. shame & doubt. Emotional Development. Social smile: 6 – 10 wks. Stranger anxiety: 6 mos. – 12 mos.

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PSY 203

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  1. PSY 203 Chapter 6 Emotional and Social Development in Infancy & Toddlerhood

  2. Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development • Trust vs. mistrust • Autonomy vs. shame & doubt

  3. Emotional Development • Social smile: 6 – 10 wks. • Stranger anxiety: 6 mos. – 12 mos. • Separation anxiety: 8 mos. - preschool (peaks at 12 – 16 mos.) • Social referencing: approx. 1 yr.+ • reference parent’s expression

  4. TemperamentThomas & Chess • Easy – 40% • Difficult – 10% • Slow to warm up – 15%

  5. Temperament & Child Rearing • Bidirectionality • Goodness of fit model • Synchrony

  6. Attachment • Harry Harlow’s experiments with monkeys

  7. Measurement of Attachment • Ainsworth strange situation • Secure attachment • Avoidant attachment • Resistant attachment • Disorganized/disoriented attachment

  8. Factors that Affect Attachment • Opportunity • Child’s temperament • Quality of caregiving • Parenting style • Authoritarian • Permissive • Authoritative • Uninvolved (Rejecting-neglecting) • Family circumstances

  9. Attachment with Father • Physical play helps strengthen attachment • Amount of affection predicts later cognitive, emotional, and social competence of child • In dual-income families, fathers tend to help more with child care but not as much as mothers

  10. Other Attachments • Siblings • Child care provider (depends on quality of care) • Grandparents

  11. Self-Awareness • Self-recognition

  12. Where Is Daddy? • As is true with all infants, Elaine and Sean’s baby requires a great deal of attention. Even though Elaine works part-time, Sean doesn’t lift a finger to help. At night he nudges Elaine when he hears Eddie crying. He rarely helps around the house, and he spends very little time with the infant. When he does help, his technique with the baby is so poor that Elaine tries not to ask him to do much. What irks Elaine is Sean’s seeming lack of interest in the baby. Sean agrees that his caregiving is not as good as Elaine’s, but he says, “When Eddie can play ball or a board game, you’ll see how much time I spend with him.” • Elaine is not happy with the situation. If you were Elaine, how would you handle the situation?

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