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Developmental Psychology

“From the womb to the tomb”. Developmental Psychology. Chapter 1-A Developmental Perspective. Developmental Psychology. Developmental Psychology ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Developmental Psychology

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  1. “From the womb to the tomb” Developmental Psychology Chapter 1-A Developmental Perspective

  2. Developmental Psychology • Developmental Psychology • ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ • Includes physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes during the life span • What are some of the changes that occur over our lives?? How have you changed?

  3. Life Changes

  4. Periods of Development • Prenatal Period • _____________________________________________________________ • Infancy • Includes the developmental period from birth to about age 2 • Childhood • Early- preschool years ages 3 through 5 • Middle- ________________________ • Adolescence • Early- ages 12 through14 • Middle- ages 15 through 19

  5. Periods of Development • Adulthood • Early- 20’s and 30’s • Issues include achieving intimacy, career choices, marriage, and potential parenthood. • Middle-40’s and 50’s • Issues include launching children, changing physical performance, increased freedom, and increased career success • Late-60’s and Over • Issues include _______________________________________________________

  6. Perspectives on Development • Development is Multidimensional • Social • Emotional • Cognitive • Physical • Development is Continuous • Both Heredity and Environment influences development _________vs_____________ • Development is Cumulative • Development is Variable • Development Reflects Gender Differences

  7. Perspectives on Development • Research Methods Videos 1 • Research Methods Video 2 • Research Methods Video 3

  8. Data Collection Methods • Psychologists collect data on development using interviews, case studies, surveys, standardized testing and naturalistic observation • Lets take a minute and look at some surveys and how to collect important data. • Class Polls

  9. Description • _______________ • technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people • usually by questioning a representative, random sample of people • (+) inexpensive / reach many people / specific • (-) sampling errors / over and under reporting

  10. Description _________________ • observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principals • close examination of published material

  11. Description • Population • All the cases in a group, from which samples may be drawn for a study • ______________________ • A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion • Representative Sample • A sample which accurately represents a population based on statistics and percentages.

  12. Description • _______________________ • observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation

  13. Experimentation • Experiment • an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe their effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable) • by random assignment of participants the experiment controls other relevant factors

  14. Experimentation • ______________ Procedure • both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant (blind) about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo • commonly used in drug-evaluation studies • _______________ • an inert substance or condition that may be administered instead of a presumed active agent, to see if it triggers the effects believed to characterize the active agent

  15. Experimentation • Experimental Condition • the condition of an experiment that exposes participants to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable • Control Condition • the condition of an experiment that contrasts with the experimental treatment • serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment

  16. Experimentation • __________________________ • assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance • minimizes pre-existing differences between those assigned to the different groups

  17. Experimentation • _____________ Variable • the experimental factor that is manipulated • the variable whose effect is being studied • _____________ Variable • the experimental factor that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable • in psychology it is usually a behavior or mental process

  18. Experimentation

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