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1. Best English Notes By Top IAS Coaching Center English grammar sections is important in clearing English language section with a good cutoff. All exams have an average score to clear all sections. Sometimes, you may be very good in English but still be unable to crack the English section in the competitive exam.

2. Best English Notes by Top IAS Coaching Center - Verb Agreement SUBJECT - VERB AGREEMENT Verb used in a sentence is always used according to the no. of persons. He sings. (here the subject is singular (he) that's why we have used sings). They sing. (here the subject (they) is plural that's why we have used sing). Singular verb Plural verb is/am are Was were Has have

3. Find errors if any • Sita and geeta is going. • Mohan and sohan is working hard. • Fire and water doesn't ever met. • Hard work and luck comes together. • Slow and steady wins the race. • Fish and Chips is my favourite dish. • Bread and butter is my favourite breakfast. • The horse and carriage are at the door. • Soda and wine were served to everyone. • Bread and butter is out of stock in the store.

4. Rule no.-1 If in a sentence two subjects are joined by ‘and’ , plural verb will be used for them unless they refer to the same person/thing. Sita and geeta are going. Mohan and sohan are working hard. Fire and water don't ever met. Hard work and luck come together. Slow and steady wins the race. ( both the qualities are used for a single noun) Fish and Chips is my favourite dish. ( name of a single dish ) Bread and butter is my favourite breakfast. ( complementary ) The horse and carriage is at the door. ( complementary ) Soda and wine was served to everyone. ( complementary ) Bread and butter are not sold here.

5. Find errors if any • The cricketer and the pianist is not going with us. • The cricketer and pianist is not going with us. • The orator and statesman were able to convince them. • The orator and the statesman were able to convince them. • A blue and orange dress were bought by her. • A blue and an orange dress were bought by her. • My friend and philosopher are here. • My friend and my philosopher are here. • He introduced me to his mother who is a doctor and a singer. • My mother and father have arrived.

6. Rule no.-2 If there are two subjects in a sentence and an article is used with only initial subject that means a single person is being discussed in the sentence and for single person,singular verb will be used. The dancer and singer is my best friend. The orator and statesman was able to convince them. The cricketer and pianist is not going with us. A blue and orange dress was bought by her. Rule no.-3 If there are two subjects in a sentence and an article is used with both the subjects that means two persons are being discussed in the sentence and for two persons,plural verb will be used. The dancer and the singer are my best friends.t The orator and the statesman were able to convince them. The cricketer and the pianist are not going with us. A blue and an orange dress were bought by her.

7. Find errors if any • Each boys have gone to cinema hall. • Every girls were happy. • Each of the boys have his own car. • Either of the servant has gone out . • None of them are going outside. • Neither of the three girls is working properly. • One of the man is making coffee. • We each have told him to stop criticizing her. • Each boy and each girl have taken the prize. • Every man and every woman are interested in this work.

8. Rule no.-4 When the sentence starts with each of/ either of/ neither of/ none of/ one of then the initial noun and pronoun should be in plural form but in the remaining sentence singular verb, singular pronoun and singular adjective will be used. each of/ either of/ neither of/ none of/ one of + noun/pronoun + verb + adjective + noun/pronoun ( plural) (singular) (singular) (singular) Each of the boyshas his own car. None of them is going outside. Neither of the girls is working properly. One of the menis making coffee. Either of the servantshas gone out . In the above sentence each is working as the subject of the sentence. If each comes after the subject of the sentence then the verb of the sentence will be according to the subject. We each have told him to stop criticizing her. Subject of the sentence-We Here have is used for we. You should also consider the following sentences- Each boy has gone to cinema hall. Every girl was happy.

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10. Rule no.-5 If two nouns are joined by ‘and’ and each/every is used before each noun than singular pronoun, singular verb,singular adjective will be used. Eachboy and each girl has taken the prize. Everyman and every woman is interested in this work.

11. Find errors if any • Each boys have gone to cinema hall. • Every girls were happy. • Each of the boys have his own car. • Either of the servant has gone out . • None of them are going outside. • Neither of the three girls is working properly. • One of the man is making coffee. • We each have told him to stop criticizing her. • Each boy and each girl have taken the prize. • Every man and every woman are interested in this work.

12. Rule no.-4 When the sentence starts with each of/ either of/ neither of/ none of/ one of then the initial noun and pronoun should be in plural form but in the remaining sentence singular verb, singular pronoun and singular adjective will be used. each of/ either of/ neither of/ none of/ one of + noun/pronoun + verb + adjective + noun/pronoun ( plural) (singular) (singular) (singular) Each of the boyshas his own car. None of them is going outside. Neither of the girls is working properly. One of the menis making coffee. Either of the servantshas gone out . In the above sentence each is working as the subject of the sentence. If each comes after the subject of the sentence then the verb of the sentence will be according to the subject. We each have told him to stop criticizing her. Subject of the sentence-We Here have is used for we. You should also consider the following sentences- Each boy has gone to cinema hall. Every girl was happy.

13. Rule no-4 If two nouns are joined by ‘and’ and each/every is used before each noun than singular pronoun, singular verb,singular adjective will be used. Eachboy and each girl has taken the prize. Everyman and every woman is interested in this work.

14. Find errors if any • The actor along with the crew members have gone out for dinner. • Garima as well as her parents are coming. • He like his colleagues have been laid off. • She unlike her sisters is very beautiful. • All but seema was absent. • Anjali with her friends have gone abroad.

15. Rule no.-6 If the subjects of the sentence are joined by the following words then the verb should be used which will agree with the first subject- As well as, along with, with, together with, and not, in addition to, but, besides, except, rather than, accompanied by, like, unlike, no less than, nothing but etc. The actor along with the crew membershas gone out for dinner. Garima as well as her parents is coming. My friend unlike my cousinsis very cool. She like her sisters is very beautiful. All but seemawere absent. Anjali with her friendshas gone abroad.

16. Find errors if any • Neither Soha nor her friends is going on college trip. • Either garima or her friends has come. • Not only the sailors but also the captain were drowned. • Either she or I are mistaken. • Our success or our failure are largely due to our hard work

17. Rule no.-7 When two subjects are joined with the following conjunctions then the verb is used according to the nearest subject- Either…..or, neither…….nor, not only…….but also, none….but, or etc. Neither soha nor her friendsare going on college trip. Either garima or her friendshave come. Not only the captain but also the sailorswere drowned. Either she or i am mistaken. Our success or our failureis largely due to our hard work

18. Find errors if any • One third of the task have been completed. • One third of the girls have come. • The rest of the work have been completed by him. • The rest of the student are not coming. • Forty percent of the work is done. • Forty percent of the student have cleared the exam. • Most of the wisdom come from conscience. • Most of the students were present yesterday. • Some of the boys are playing outside. • Some of the work are pending. • Half of the class are present . • Half of the students are present. • Lots of people are applying for this job. • Lots of work have to be done in order to achieve progress. • A lot of students are giving this exam.

19. Rule no.-9 One third of/ three-fourth of/ the rest of/ a quarter of/ part of/ ten percent of/twenty percent of/ most of/ some/ some of/ + uncountable + singular half of/ enough/ enough of/ plenty of/ a lot of/ lots of/ noun verb One third of/ three-fourth of/ the rest of/ a quarter of/ part of/ ten percent of/twenty percent of/ most of/ some/ some of/ + plural countable + plural half of/ enough/ enough of/ plenty of/ a lot of/ lots of/ noun verb

20. Find errors if any • One third of the task have been completed. • One third of the girls have come. • The rest of the work have been completed by him. • The rest of the student are not coming. • Forty percent of the work is done. • Forty percent of the student have cleared the exam. • Most of the wisdom come from conscience. • Most of the students were present yesterday. • Some of the boys are playing outside. • Some of the work are pending. • Half of the class are present . • Half of the students are present. • Lots of people are applying for this job. • Lots of work have to be done in order to achieve progress. • A lot of students are giving this exam.

21. Rule no.-9 One third of/ three-fourth of/ the rest of/ a quarter of/ part of/ ten percent of/twenty percent of/ most of/ some/ some of/ + uncountable + singular half of/ enough/ enough of/ plenty of/ a lot of/ lots of/ noun verb One third of/ three-fourth of/ the rest of/ a quarter of/ part of/ ten percent of/twenty percent of/ most of/ some/ some of/ + plural countable + plural half of/ enough/ enough of/ plenty of/ a lot of/ lots of/ noun verb

22. One third of the task has been completed. ( uncountable noun ) • One third of the girls have come. ( plural countable noun ) • The rest of the work has been completed by him. ( uncountable noun ) • The rest of the students are not coming.( plural countable noun ) • Forty percent of the work is done. ( uncountable noun ) • Forty percent of the students have cleared the exam.( plural countable noun ) • Most of the wisdom comes from conscience. ( uncountable noun ) • Most of the students were present yesterday.( plural countable noun ) • Some of the boys are playing outside.( plural countable noun ) • Some of the work is pending. ( uncountable noun ) • Half of the class is present . ( uncountable noun ) • Half of the students are present.( plural countable noun ) • Lots of people are applying for this job.( plural countable noun ) • Lots of work has to be done in order to achieve progress. ( uncountable noun ) • A lot of students are giving this exam.( plural countable noun )

23. Rule no.-10 No + uncountable noun + singular verb No + singular countable noun + singular verb No boy is interested in this work. No water is present on moon.

24. Rule no.-11 The percentage of + uncountable noun/ plural countable noun + singular verb The percentage of fertile land is less in Rajasthan. The percentage of eligible students is less in this class.

25. Find errors if any • The quality of oranges are not so good. • She and not her mother are going outside. • The application of patients for the removal of T.V. from the hospital premises have been cancelled by the staff.

26. Rule no.-12 Always match the verb with the main subject of the sentence. The quality of oranges is not so good. She and not her mother is going outside. The application of patients for the removal of T.V. from the hospital premises has been cancelled by the staff.

27. Find errors if any • He is one of the men who has given their property to charity. • I am not one of those who will talk with everyone whom I meet.

28. Rule no.-13 As we know that relative pronoun behaves as conjunction so when the subject of the sentence is connected to verb through a relative pronoun , the verb must agree the antecedent of relative pronoun. He is one of the menwhohave given their property to charity. I am not one of thosewho will talk with everyone whom they meet.

29. Find errors if any • Where is my trousers? • I need a bit time to admire my surrounding. • He was born in noida,on the outskirt of delhi,in 2002. • Scissors are required here. • A pair of scissors are required here. • His father works in a scissor factory.

30. Rule no.-14 Certain nouns exist in plural form only. We can not make them singular by removing their ‘s’. So plural verb is used with them. Such nouns are- Pants,pajamas,trousers,shorts,knickers,scissors,tongs,sunglasses,binoculars,spectacles,goggles,Surroundings,outskirts,alms,wages,proceeds,remains,congratulations,regards,thanks,savings,Fireworks,amends,braces,tactics,troops,valuables,belongings etc. Where are my trousers? I need a bit time to admire my surroundings. He was born in noida,on the outskirts of delhi,in 2002.

31. Find errors if any • Physics are a tough subject. • Billiards is my favourite game. • No news is a good news • My mathematics is good. • Statistics have shown that this year we are in profit.

32. Rule no.-15 some nouns exist in plural form(ends with ‘s’) but they are singular in meaning so we use singular verb with them. Such nouns are- Physics,economics,linguistics,mathematics,politics,innings,ethics,mumps,measles,rickets,billiards,athletics,news. Physics is a tough subject. Billiards is my favourite game. No news is a good news. But if the above mentioned nouns are particularised or possessed , they become plural noun. My mathematics are good. (calculations) Statistics have shown that this year we are in profit. (data)

33. Find errors if any • The peasantry of this village is very kind and considerate. • The gentry of this colony generally has their get togethers at community centre. • Cattle is grazing in the farm.

34. Rule no.-16 some nouns exist in singular form(do not end with ‘s’) but are plural in meaning . so plural verbs are used with them. Such nouns are- Cavalry,gentry,clergy,infantry,poultry,peasantry,cattle,children etc. The peasantry of this village are very kind and considerate. The gentry of this colony generally have their get togethers at community centre. Cattle are grazing in the farm.

35. Find errors if any • Your hairs are beautiful. • She has vast knowledges about buddhism. • The sceneries of shimla are very charming. • Harivansh rai bachchan is famous for his poetries. • Information given by him were fake. • All pieces of information given by him were fake. • Bread were given to the orphans. • Some packets of bread were given to the orphans.

36. Rule no.-17 There are certain nouns which can only be used in singular form as they are uncountable in nature- Luggage, baggage, knowledge, postage, wastage, pottery, poetry, scenery, bakery, confectionary, jewellery, equipment, evidence, information, fuel, cost, dirt, dust, hair, percentage, behaviour etc. We can not make the above mentioned words in plural form by adding ‘s’ with them. Article a/an cant be used with them. Much is used with uncountable nouns. Your hair is beautiful. She has vast knowledge about buddhism. The scenery of shimla is very charming. Harivansh rai bachchan is famous for his poetry. Plural verbs can be used with uncountable nouns by adding certain words before them. All pieces of information given by him were fake. (you should notice that here the verb ‘were’ is used for pieces and not for information). Some packets of bread were given to the orphan. (Here were is used for packets).

37. Find errors if any • There is a fish in the aquarium. • There are many fish in the pond. • There are varieties of fish in the pond.

38. Rule no.-18 There are certain nouns that exist in a single form in both singular and plural forms. Such nouns are- Fish,sheep,series,deer,aircraft,counsel etc. One fish is there in the pond. There are many fish in the pond

39. Find errors if any • May he lives long . • May god helps him. • If he was the PM, he would work for the poor. • I wish I was a bird.

40. Rule no.-19 In optative sentences (the sentences which express wish, blessings or prayers) and conditional sentences, plural verb is used with singular subject. May he live long . May god help him. If he were the PM, he would work for the poor. I wish I were a bird.

41. Find errors if any • The team have won the match. • The audience are cheering for the singer. • The audience are taking their seats. • The committee has given their decision. • The jury agreed that their verdict is not guilty. • The cricket team practice near the old fort. • The team are taking bath in their bathrooms.

42. Rule no.-20 Collective noun This noun denotes collection of people or collection of things. Jury , team , committee etc. We use singular verb with collective noun. But if we consider collective noun in terms of members or the members of collective noun are being talked about then we use plural verb with them. • The committee has given its decision. • The jury agreed that its verdict is not guilty. • The cricket team practices near the old fort. • The team are taking bath in their bathrooms. • The audience are taking their seats. In the above sentences we are talking about members.

43. Find errors if any • Everybody have come. • Someone have gone out. • Nobody are coming.

44. Rule no.-21 Everyone, someone, none, anyone, somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody The basic nature of the above words is singular so always singular verb is used with them. Everybody has come. Someone has gone. Nobody is coming.

45. Find errors if any • One should do his duty himself. • These one are my notebooks.

46. Rule no.-22 If One-subject of the sentence Then Ones-plural form One’s-possessive form Oneself- pronoun One should do one’s duty oneself. These ones are my notebooks.

47. Find errors if any • Many men was hurt in the accident. • Many a man was hurt in the accident. • A great many man were hurt in the accident. • Many student have completed their projects. • Many a student have completed his project. • Many an accidents has taken place. • A great many student have completed their projects. • A good many students has completed their projects.

48. Many Many + plural noun + plural verb Many + a/an + singular noun + singular verb A great/ a good many + plural noun + plural verb Many men were hurt in the accident. Many a man was hurt in the accident. Many students have completed their projects. Many a student has completed his project. Many an accident has taken place. A great many students have completed their projects. A good many students have completed their projects.

49. Find errors if any • Certain flower are used for making perfumes. • A Certain flower are used for making perfumes. • A certain tree release oxygen even at night.

50. Certain Certain- some ( plural noun ) Certain flowersare used for making perfumes. A certain-someone (singular noun) A certain treereleases oxygen even at night.