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Skeletal and Muscular Systems

Skeletal and Muscular Systems. Skeletal System. The framework for your body 206 bones “Os-” bone; “Osteo-” bone. Osteocytes are bone cells. Bone contains:. Minerals – especially calcium which provides for the hardness of bone Collagen fibers which provides strength of bone.

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Skeletal and Muscular Systems

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  1. Skeletal and Muscular Systems

  2. Skeletal System • The framework for your body • 206 bones • “Os-” bone; • “Osteo-” bone

  3. Osteocytes are bone cells

  4. Bone contains: • Minerals – especially calcium which provides for the hardness of bone • Collagen fibers which provides strength of bone

  5. Bone has an excellent blood supply

  6. Joint • “art-” and “arthr-” mean joint • Ligaments stabilize joints • Cartilage caps the bones at the joint for a smooth surface

  7. Cartilage • “chondr-” means cartilage • Healing capability is poorer than bone

  8. Skeleton Function • Framework • Support • Movement • Protection • Blood cell production from bone marrow • Storage of minerals & fat

  9. Disorders of Skeleton-Osteoporosis

  10. Incidence • Common in the U.S. • Responsible for many fractures each year

  11. Cause • Inadequate calcium • Females, older more commonly • Sedentary lifestyle • Poor diet • Pregnancy giving calcium to fetus • Menopause lead to calcium withdrawal from bone

  12. Prevention/Treatment • Weight-bearing exercise • Calcium in diet • Estrogen replacement therapy after menopause • Drugs, such as Fosamax

  13. Arthritis • Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the joints in the body leading to their gradual destruction

  14. Arthritis • Osteoarthritis is the wear and tear arthritis due to joint damage and injuries

  15. Sprain • Joint injury that stretches or tears supportive ligaments • A severe sprain can result in a dislocation

  16. Fracture • Generally bones heal well with proper alignment, stabilization, and without infection

  17. Fractures • Hairline or greenstick • Simple • Compound = Open • Comminuted

  18. Muscular System • “Myo-” means muscle • Muscle tissue is capable of contraction

  19. Smooth muscle • Found in the wall of tubular structures such as intestine • Involuntary • Smooth appearance microscopically • Peristalsis is a wave like contraction of smooth muscle

  20. Cardiac Muscle • Heart muscle • Involuntary • Striated, or striped when observed microscopically

  21. Skeletal Muscle • Muscle attached to the skeleton • Voluntary • Striated microscopically

  22. Skeletal Muscle • Tendons attach muscle to bone

  23. Microscopic Muscle • Myofiber = muscle cell • Myofibril = the striated parts of the muscle cell • Myofilaments = the proteins that make up the myofibrils

  24. Myofilaments • The two main proteins that comprise the myofilaments are: • Myosin – very thick protein • Actin – very thin protein

  25. Sarcomere • The actin and myosin in the muscle cells are arranged in small groups called SARCOMERES • Since contraction occurs at the microscopic level of the sarcomere, the sarcomere is the functional unit of contraction

  26. Sliding Filament Theory • This describes the mechanics of muscle contraction • The myosin “heads” grab on to the actin protein and pull the actin towards the center of the sarcomere, making the sarcomere shorter.

  27. ATP • ATP is necessary for muscle contraction • Running out of ATP leads to muscle fatigue

  28. Motor Neuron • Skeletal muscle will not contract unless a motor neuron (movement nerve cell) stimulates it to contract

  29. Motor Unit • A motor neuron plus how every many skeletal muscle cells it serves is a motor unit • A motor unit that has one neuron to one muscle cell allows for very precise movements • A motor unit that has one neuron to 400 muscle cells does not provide precise control

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