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Chapter 14

Chapter 14. Signal Transduction Mechanisms: II. Messengers and Receptors. Figure 14-1 Cell-to-Cell Signaling by Hormones and Local Mediators. Figure 14-2 The Overall Flow of Information During Cell Signaling.

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Chapter 14

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  1. Chapter 14 Signal Transduction Mechanisms: II. Messengers and Receptors

  2. Figure 14-1 Cell-to-Cell Signaling by Hormones and Local Mediators

  3. Figure 14-2 The Overall Flow of Information During Cell Signaling

  4. Figure 14-3 Signal transduction pathways can amplify the cellular response to an external signal

  5. Figure 14-4 The Structure of G Protein-Linked Receptors

  6. Figure 14-5 The G Protein Activation/Inactivation Cycle

  7. Figure 14-6 The Structure and Metabolism of cAMP

  8. Figure 14-7 The Roles of G Proteins and Cyclic AMP in Signal Transduction

  9. Figure 14-8 The Activation of Protein Kinase A by Cyclic AMP

  10. Figure 14-9 The Formation of Inositol Triphosphate and Diacylglycerol

  11. Table 14-1 Examples of Cell Functions Regulated by Inositol Triphosphate and Diacylglycerol

  12. Figure 14-10 The Role of IP3 and DAG in Signal Transduction

  13. Figure 14-11 Increase in Free Cytosolic Ca2+ Concentration Triggered by a Hormone That Stimulates the Formation of Inositol Triphosphate

  14. Figure 14-12 An Overview of Calcium Regulation in Cells

  15. Figure 14-13 The Structure and Function of the Calcium-Calmodulin Complex

  16. Figure 14-14 Transient Increase in Free Ca2+ Concentration That Occurs in an Egg Cell Immediately After Fertilization

  17. Figure 14-15 The Role of Calcium in the Slow Block to Polyspermy in Sea Urchins

  18. Figure 14-16 The Action of Nitric Oxide on Blood Vessels

  19. Figure 14-17 The Structure and Activation of a Receptor Tyrosine Kinase

  20. Figure 14A-1 The compound eye of Drosophila

  21. Figure 14A-2 Mutations in the Ras pathway can either bypass or enhance defects in RTK signaling

  22. Figure 14A-3 Cell death in C. elegans

  23. Figure 14-18 Signal Transduction Through Receptor Tyrosine Kinases

  24. Table 14-2 Examples of Growth Factor Families

  25. Figure 14-19 Dominant Negative Disruption of FGF Receptor (FGFR) Function

  26. Figure 14-20 Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling is Essential for Mesoderm Production in Embryos

  27. Figure 14-21 Signal Transduction by TGF Receptor Family Proteins

  28. Figure 14-22 Target Tissues for Endocrine Hormones

  29. Table 14-3 Physiological Functions of Hormones

  30. Table 14-4 Chemical Classification and Function of Hormones

  31. Figure 14-23 The Stimulation of G Protein-Linked Signal Transduction Pathways by - and -Adrenergic Receptors

  32. Table 14-5 Examples of Cell Functions Regulated by cAMP

  33. Figure 14-24 Stimulation of Glycogen Breakdown by Epinephrine

  34. Figure 14-25 Major Steps in Apoptosis

  35. Figure 14-26 Induction of Apoptosis by Cell Death Signals or by Withdrawal of Survival Factors

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