1 / 24

Vocabulary

Vocabulary. Civilization Surplus Artisan Pictogram Scribe City-state Empire Cultural Diffusion. Beginnings of Civilization. The Rise of Cities. Objective. Describe development of early prehistoric people, their agriculture and settlements. Pyramids.

andrew
Download Presentation

Vocabulary

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Vocabulary • Civilization • Surplus • Artisan • Pictogram • Scribe • City-state • Empire • Cultural Diffusion WH C2 PO1

  2. Beginnings of Civilization The Rise of Cities WH C2 PO1

  3. Objective • Describe development of early prehistoric people, their agriculture and settlements WH C2 PO1

  4. Pyramids • Pyramid building required a society more organized and advanced than Neolithic farmers. WH C2 PO1

  5. The Rise of Cities • A civilization is a complex, highly organized social order. • Cities are a main feature of a civilization • As farmers produced surplus of crops in the fertile land along rivers. • Populations began to expand • Farming Villages began to grow into cities WH C2 PO1

  6. River Valley Civilizations • Fertile Crescent • Tigris & Euphrates Rivers in Iraq • Nile River in Egypt WH C2 PO1

  7. River Valley Civilizations • Indus River in India • Yellow River in China WH C2 PO1

  8. River Valley Civilizations • Conditions favored farming • Flood waters spread silt which keeps land fertile. • Animals flocked to river for water – providing food • Rivers provided a regular water source and means of transportation. WH C2 PO1

  9. River Valley Civilizations • Rivers posed challenges • Had to control flooding and channel water to fields. • Cooperation was needed and required leadership and organized government. • Ancient cities required high walls for protection. WH C2 PO1

  10. WH C2 PO1

  11. Features of Civilization • Cities • Well-organized central governments • Complex religions • Job specialization • Social classes • Arts & architecture • Public works • Writing WH C2 PO1

  12. Organized Government • To provide for a growing population – new forms of government appeared to provide organization for projects • Warrior kings emerged as political leaders – setting themselves up as hereditary rulers • Claiming this right from their god • Government became more complex as rulers issued laws, collected taxes, and prepared defenses. WH C2 PO1

  13. Complex Religions • Most ancient people were polytheistic. • People created gods that dealt with natural forces and human activities • Sun, rivers, sea, etc • Birth, trade, or war • Built temples and designed elaborate ceremonies to please the gods. WH C2 PO1

  14. WH C2 PO1

  15. Job Specialization • Individuals began to specialize in certain jobs • Artisans, or skilled craftsmen, developed pottery, metalworking, • Construction – bricklayers built city walls • Soldiers – defended the city • Merchants – sold goods and • Teachers, entertainers, …….. WH C2 PO1

  16. Social Classes • Social organization became complex • People ranked according to jobs • Social Hierarchy • Priests & Nobles • Wealthy merchants & artisans • Peasant farmers • Slaves • Debt bondage • Prisoners of war WH C2 PO1

  17. Arts and Architecture • Expressed the beliefs and values of the people that created them. • Temples and palaces dominated the scenery • Skilled workers built and decorated massive buildings. • Some still can be seen today WH C2 PO1

  18. Public Works • Projects ordered built by rulers • Roads • Bridges • Aqueducts • defensive walls WH C2 PO1

  19. Writing • A critical new skill was the art of writing • Used to record harvest amounts, weather info, rituals & prayers • Earliest writing was in the form of pictograms, simple drawings that looked like objects they represented. WH C2 PO1

  20. Writing • As writing became more complex, only specially trained scribes learned to read and write. • Scribes were educated in special temple schools and worked for priest, rulers and merchants. WH C2 PO1

  21. Civilizations and Change • Ancient civilizations changed in many ways over the centuries. • Causes • Physical environment shifts • Interactions among people WH C2 PO1

  22. Environmental Changes • Early people dependent upon the physical environment. • Changes with water and other natural resources could be devastating. • Over farming could deplete soil – crops would fail • Survivors would move away. • Natural disasters – volcanoes, hurricanes, floods could destroy entire cities. WH C2 PO1

  23. Interactions among people • Cultural diffusion – the spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another. • Occurs through migration, trade, and warfare • People would share and adapt customs. • Trade introduced new goods or better methods of production. • Warfare – victors forced their way of life upon conquered people. WH C2 PO1

  24. Homework Questions • How did the conditions in some river valleys favor the rise of early civilizations? • How were governments and religion closely linked in early civilizations? • What are the three causes of cultural change? • Give three examples of cultural diffusion in today's world. WH C2 PO1

More Related