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THE CIVIL WAR

THE CIVIL WAR. 1861-1865. The Declaration of Independence Had Condemned Slavery. Read What If The Declaration of Independence Had Condemned Slavery? Read pages 116–117 of your textbook and answer the questions on the following slides. The Declaration of Independence Had Condemned Slavery.

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THE CIVIL WAR

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  1. THE CIVIL WAR 1861-1865

  2. The Declaration of Independence Had Condemned Slavery • Read What If The Declaration of Independence Had Condemned Slavery? Read pages 116–117 of your textbook and answer the questions on the following slides.

  3. The Declaration of Independence Had Condemned Slavery • 1. Why do you think Thomas Jefferson, who was a slaveholder, wanted to include this paragraph?

  4. The Declaration of Independence Had Condemned Slavery • 2. Would the course of American history have changed significantly if the Declaration of Independence had included Jefferson’s statement? If so, how? If not, why not? • Possible reasons: the colonies may not have united to throw off British rule, individual colonies may have struggled for their own independence, or slavery may have ended sooner than it actually did. CA HI2, HI3, HI4

  5. Why did the founders not make provisions in the constitution? • It was a dying practice at the time! • Until the invention of the cotton gin in 1793 by Eli Whitney • Made southern plantations larger and had more of a need for slave labor • They called it a “necessary evil” • Made slavery part of southern culture and increased the population

  6. Society after Independence • Second Great Awakening and social reform • Changes in rehabilitation-hospitals and prisons • Temperance movement-prohibition • Women’s rights-suffrage movement • Public education instituted • Abolition movement

  7. American Expansion/Missouri Compromise of 1820 • Conflict between north and south when states were added to American territory • Would the new state be a free or slave state? • Missouri Compromise, 1820 • Compromise that made Missouri a slave state and Maine a free state

  8. Deep Rooted Differences NorthSouth Abolitionists Slavery Vocal northerners who called The 1/3 population who For immediate freedom and claimed they needed Political rights for blacks slavery for the ag. based economy. Thought it would bring chaos to the south.

  9. NorthSouth Industry/city Cotton/Ag./country 1860 northern states South's provided 3/4 contained 4/5 of U.S. of worlds cotton. No factories and 2/3 of cities needed or Nations R.R. mileage wanted. Progress/ Change Tradition People were forced to Well-mannered and proud change due to industry. of their traditional slow Embraced change and way of life. No need for the future. Change in their society.

  10. NorthSouth Union Preservation States Rights States did not have the Believed the Union right to break up the was a collection of greatest democratic sovereign states. experiment the world Viewed the North has ever known. as invaders, so they left the union.

  11. Compromise of 1850 • Gave Texas $10 million to abandon eastern New Mexico territory • New Mexico was split into two territories and made slave or free by popular sovereignty basis • Made California a free state • Expansion of slavery still unsolved

  12. II. Slavery and Western Expansion (pages 195–198)

  13. Dred Scott Decision, 1854 • Dred Scott, a slave moved to a free state, Illinois, with his master • His master died and he sued for freedom • The case reached the supreme court and he denied a hearing because he was not a citizen • This outraged abolitionists

  14. Kansas/Nebraska Act(1854) • Act organized Kansas and Nebraska to be divided into territories on the basis of popular sovereignty. The new states would be received into the Union with or without slavery, as outlined in their state constitution at the time of their admission. • Northerners quickly moved to the territory to create an antislavery majority. • Pro-slavery Missourians also hurried to Kansas. They voted illegally to elect a pre-slavery legislature. • In response, antislavery settlers held a convention and wrote a constitution that excluded slavery. Then, Kansas had two governments • This later led to the John’s Brown raid and the first bloodshed of the Civil War.

  15. Emancipation Proclamation • “Slaves within any state, or designated part of a state… shall be forever free. January 1st, 1863 During the Civil War. • This was the Forefather for the 13th Amendment outlawing slavery in1865. • 200,000 slaves left the South to fight alongside the union troops in the North. • Main Cause of Civil War was slavery economics, also about power State vs. Federal

  16. Reconstruction 1865-1877 • Arguable that the Civil Rights movement started after Civil War and is still happening today. • Lincoln’s goal was to reconcile with the S., instead of punishing if for treason. • Originally became more of a battle of who had power the Congress (states) or the President ( Federal). • 1st Reconstruction Act set up military districts to enforce Federal laws. • 13th Amendment (1865) abolished slavery. • 14th Amendment All person except Native American Indians citizenship. Enabled “due process” under law. • 15th Amendment all citizens could vote.

  17. Reconstruction Overview • Southern states allowed back into the Union with ratification of New Constitution including 13, 14 and 15 Amendments. Once ratified federal troops withdrew. • Civil Rights Act of 1875 Gave all people equal accommodations under the law: Inns, RR, Boats, Theaters, Not Schools • 1883 it was declared unconstitutional because it lacked federal backing.

  18. Impeachment of Andrew Johnson (R) 1868 • Power Struggle-Johnson (federal) vs. Congress (State) • Johnson vs. Congress • Northerners wanted to reconstruct south • Southerners wanted revenge against the north • Nothing to do with Civil rights. • Impeachment 1 vote short (35-19) of removing him from office.

  19. Supremacy Groups • Several southern supremacy groups unhappy with policies of Reconstruction. • KKK patterned after college fraternity (Kappa Alpha) sheets represented the confederate dead. They basically became a terrorists group. • Lead to “force bills” violating civil rights became a federal offense. • Between 1882-1901 some 2000 African-Americans were lynched

  20. Compromise of 1877 Reconstruction Ended Broken Promises • Flawed Electoral College • Tilden received 51% of vote. (184 electoral votes) • Hayes received 48% of vote. (166 electoral votes) • 19 votes still to be decided. Republicans gave votes to Hayes in exchange for the removal of Federal Troops. • No federal troops to enforce laws everything went backwards thus ending reconstruction.

  21. Electoral Vote Breakdown

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