By: Lindsay Waterloo

1. By: Lindsay Waterloo

3. Prenatal Nicotine Abuse

4. What is it? • Prenatal nicotine abuse is when a mother exposes her unborn child to tobacco and/or any other harmful inhalants containing nicotine during pregnancy. • Cigarette smoking is the most common source of nicotine, but there are also smokeless products that also contain nicotine such as chewing tobacco and snuff, which are just as harmful and damaging.

5. Symptoms • Birth and delivery problems • Fatal brain damage • Sudden Infant Death Syndrome • Learning and developmental problems • Behavioral problems • Cancer causing agents in infant’s blood • Potential childhood leukemia/carcinogenic mutations • Various adult health problems

6. Treatment - Effects cannot be reversed - Respiratory disorders    - Asthma inhalers - Respiratory therapists - Attention Deficit Disorder    - Adderall    - Ritalin - High/low blood pressure    - Diuretics    - Beta- blockers    - Calcium- channel blockers

7. Statistics • 18% of pregnant women in the U.S. smoke •   8% of women in developing countries smoke • Out of the many women who smoke in the world, only 18 to 25% of those women quit smoking when they become pregnant • 300,000 infant deaths each year are due to complications caused by the mother smoking while pregnant • Women who smoke during pregnancy are far more likely to birth a baby with a cleft lip or cleft palate

8. Alcohol Abuse during Pregnancy “When you are pregnant, you are not just eating for two! You also breathe and drink for two, so it is important to carefully consider what you give to your baby.”

9. When a pregnant women drinks, alcohol passes through the placenta to her fetus. In the fetus’ immature body, alcohol is broken down much more slowly than in an adult’s body. As a result, the alcohol level of the baby’s blood can be higher and remain elevated longer than the level in the mother’s blood. This causes the baby to suffer life long damage. Process

10. Drinking Alcohol during pregnancy can cause a wide range of physical and mental birth defects. • Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders • FASDs • FASDs includes effects as: • Mental retardation • Learning, emotional, and behavioral problems • Heart, face, and other organ problems

11. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome FAS • Combination of physical and mental birth defects • Mental retardation • Birth defects • Abnormal facial features • Growth problems • Problems with the central nervous system • Trouble remembering and/or learning • Vision or hearing problems • Behavior problems

12. Other FASDs ARBDs: Describes physical birth defect that can occur in many organ systems, including the heart, liver, kidneys, eyes, ears, and bones ARNDs: Describes learning and behavioral problems associated with prenatal exposure to alcohol. These problems can include learning disabilities; difficulties with attention, memory and problem solving; speech and language delays, hyperactivity; psychological disorders and poor school performance.

13. Facts: • FAS lasts for a lifetime. There is no cure. • Moderate or even light drinking during pregnancy, also may harm the fetus. • No level of drinking alcohol has been proven safe during pregnancy. • It is not recommended to drink during breastfeeding ; alcohol do get into breast milk and is passed on the baby. • There is no proof that heavy drinking by the father can cause FASDs.

14. …What about the “illegal” drugs? Long term effects are hard to pinpoint, as most users don’t limit themselves to just one… But, some consequences are too common and too detrimental to ignore…

15. Exposure to marijuana, ecstasy, heroin, and cocaine all have the ability to show up in the classroom as learning and behavioral problems • Cocaine also results in language problems and slower growth rates, at least through age 10 • The severity of all these depend on several factors Commonalities

16. Children exposed to methamphetamines are 3 times more likely to be born “too small.” • That figure is the adjusted one, taking out factors like socio-economic status and other substance abuse. • Children exposed to cocaine often exhibit symptoms like those of ADHD, but what works for those children don’t work for these.

17. What’s wrong with a small baby? • Hyperactivity • Short attention spans • Learning difficulties • Higher risk for type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome • A collection of heart attack risk factors such as high blood pressure and diabetes “Too Small for Gestational Age”

18. While prenatal substance abuse effects over 1 million babies born annually in the U.S., we’re not the only ones with a drug issue • Adoption agencies devote time and resources to prospective parents of these children, who come from all over the world. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KCO95uFf2pk A Universal Problem

20. (Wilkes)

25. "Baby Birth Weight Information - Big, Large, Heavy, Small, Tiny, Lightest Premature Micro Preemie LGA HBW SGA LBW Babies - Baby2see.com." Pregnancy and Baby Information - Conceive Fetus Pregnant Labor Birth Timeline. Web. 24 Jan. 2011. <http://www.baby2see.com/baby_birth_weight.html>. Marotz, Lynn R. (2009). Health, Safety, and Nutrition for the Young Child. Clifton Park, NY. "Smoking During Pregnancy." Smoking Statistics - Cigarettes and Health Issues Related to Smoking. Web. 24 Jan. 2011. <http://www.smokingstatistics.org/Smoking_during_pregnancy.asp>.