Creating A Nation

1. Creating A Nation Northwest Ordinance, Manifest Destiny, War of 1812, Monroe Doctrine, and the Industrial Revolution

2. Standards SSUSH6 The student will analyze the impact of territorial expansion and population growth and the impact of this growth in the early decades of the new nation. a. Explain the Northwest Ordinance’s importance in the westward migration of Americans, and on slavery, public education, and the addition of new states. c. Explain major reasons for the War of 1812 and the war’s significance on the development of a national identity. e. Describe the reasons for and importance of the Monroe Doctrine. SSUSH7 Students will explain the process of economic growth, its regional and national impact in the first half of the 19th century, and the different responses to it. a. Explain the impact of the Industrial Revolution as seen in Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin and his development of interchangeable parts for muskets. b. Describe the westward growth of the United States; include the emerging concept of Manifest Destiny.

3. Northwest Ordinance • The Northwest Ordinance established guidelines for the government of the Northwest Territory, a large area bounded by the Great Lakes, Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, the state of Pennsylvania and Canada. • It was one of the most important laws ever adopted, for it became a model for all territories that later entered the Union as states. • Pioneers poured into the area, setting themselves up as territories under a governor, secretary and three judges. • Ohio was the first state created in the Northwest Territory, followed by Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin. • Basic freedoms, similar to those under our Constitution, were guaranteed the new states. There were two new provisions. One called for publicly supported education and the other prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territory.

5. What are some major events leading to The War of 1812? • US shipping was being harassed, and cargo was seized. • Britain required licenses for ships bound for Europe • France confiscated cargo from licensed ships • Impressment of American sailors • Many British sailors became naturalized US citizens and deserted British vessels and joined American crews. • British Navy kidnapped these sailors off American ships and had them rejoin the British Navy

6. What are some major events leading to The War of 1812? • Economic Diplomacy Fails • Embargo Act of 1807 halted all trade with Europe • Embargo is a government ban on trade with other countries • Embargo was unpopular in port cities, especially in the North

7. What was Madison’s role leading up to The War of 1812? • Non-Intercourse Act • Forbade trade with France and Britain; however President could reopen trade when either France or Britain lifted restrictions • Was this successful? Why or Why not • War Hawks • Southern congressmen favored war, even though it hurt the east • Why did the War Hawks want war?

8. Declaration of War • June of 1812 Madison asked Congress for declaration of war • Vote was split along regional lines • War started with Invasion of Canada

9. Fire… • In August 1814, British Forces Sailed into Chesapeake Bay and capture Washington D.C. • They burn the White House and the Capitol • Madison and Congress Barely escape

10. Oh Say Can You See… • Unlike D.C., Baltimore was Ready for the British • The City militia inflicted heavy casualties on the British • After bombarding Fort McHenry on September 13, 1814 The British abandon the attack • Francis Scott Key witnessed the bombardment and penned a poem which becomes the National Anthem.

11. If The War of 1812 ended in a tie, why was it important? • Gave the United States a National Identity • We were able to hold our own against the British • Started us thinking about continuing westward expansion • Ended bad feelings toward the British • Creates a hero in Andrew Jackson and the Western Frontiersmen

12. The Monroe Doctrine • In December 1823, in a message to Congress, Monroe set forth the following principles, which would later become known as the Monroe Doctrine: • The Western Hemisphere was no longer open for colonization • The political system of the Americas was different from Europe • The United States would regard any interference in Western hemispheric affairs as a threat to its security • The United States would refrain from participation in European wars and would not disturb existing colonies in the Western Hemisphere

13. Impact of the Monroe Doctrine • The impact of the Monroe Doctrine was mixed. • The Doctrine was successful in that it kept France, Spain and other powers out of the region, but Britain would long remain the dominant trade power in Latin America. • The Doctrine was a failure from the standpoint that the Latin American nations resented the Big Brother behavior of the U.S. • It was not until the 1880s that the United States had the clout to enforce the Monroe Doctrine.

14. Manifest Destiny: • The belief that the United States would spread to the Pacific Coast • Caused by: • Land hungry Americans who wanted the rich, sparcelysettled lands • Patriots who feared that the British would get it • Eastern Merchants whose ships traded with Asia and needed ports on the Pacific Coast • Democratic-minded people who felt that the spread of the nation would spread freedom • Nationalists who sought national greatness

15. Mr. Manifest Destiny • James K. Polk • Elected President in 1844 • Added more territory to the US (by any means) than any other President • Died 103 days after his single term ended

16. A US Territorial Expansion When? A - 13 Original Colonies • 1776 From Where? • Great Britain Why? • US declared independence from Great Britain

17. US Territorial Expansion When? B - Western Lands • 1783 From Where? • Great Britain Why? • Part of results of Treaty of Paris (ended Revolutionary War) A B

18. US Territorial Expansion When? C - LouisianaPurchase • 1803 From Where? • France Why? • Napoleon needed $ • Jefferson wanted to buy New Orleans • He got all of this instead! A C B

19. US Territorial Expansion When? D - Florida • 1819 From Where? • Spain Why? • Andrew Jackson invaded • Spain then sold it to us for $5 million A C B D

20. US Territorial Expansion When? E - Texas • 1845 From Where? • Republic of Texas (Independent Country) Why? • Texas independent from Mexico in 1836 • Northerners feared it would become a slave state • Fears finally overcome in 1844 Presidential election A C B E D

21. US Territorial Expansion When? F - Oregon Territory • 1846 From Where? • Great Britain Why? • Claimed by four countries (G. Britain, Russia, Spain, & US) • Americans demanded “54° 40’ or fight!” • Britain compromised 49° & US accepted F A C B E D

22. US Territorial Expansion When? G - Mexican Cession • 1848 From Where? • Mexico Why? • Polk offers to buy G from Mexico & they refuse • War! • US wins • In Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, US offers $15 million for G F A C B G E D

23. Cotton Gin · It was difficult to make a profit from cotton because cottonseeds were removed by hand. Ex.) It took one person an entire day to clean one pound of cotton. Cotton Ball, picked 1915 Georgia

24. Therefore, Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin in 1793. Eli Whitney’s cotton gin.

25. · Whitney applied for a patenton the cotton gin. · People ignored the patent and built their own. · Whitney never became wealthy from his invention.

26. Plantation owners began to earn a lot of money growing cotton. • This caused farmers to increase their dependency on slave labor. “The First Cotton Gin" (image from 1869)

27. Native American tribes such as the Cherokees and Creeks were forced onto reservations so that farmers would have more land to grow cotton.

28. Interchangeable Parts • Used to build muskets • Easiest and fastest way to make guns • Easier to make = more produced in shorter time • Popular = low costs • Quality not as good as those hand made • Factory owners chose quantity over quality