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THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MALAYSIA FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES PROGRAMME OF DIETETICS GROUP 1. Status of energy, iron and calcium intake among second and third year students of Nutrition and Dietetics Programme in The National University of Malaysia campus Kuala Lumpur session 2011/2012.

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  1. THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MALAYSIA FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES PROGRAMME OF DIETETICS GROUP 1 Status of energy, iron and calcium intake among second and third year students of Nutrition and Dietetics Programme in The National University of Malaysia campus Kuala Lumpur session 2011/2012. TITLE

  2. NAMA FASILITATOR : DR. SUHAINA BT HJ SULAIMAN AHLI KUMPULAN NURUL YASMIN FARHAH BINTI ZULKEPLI A132727 NUR HANINA BINTI ABU HASAN A132699 YEE YEN LEEN A132056 EILEEN SUM YEIN SHAN A132042 GRACE TAN AI SZE A132079 NUR IDAYU BINTI HARUN A131731 FATIMAH BINTI ZAKARIA A132025 AZNIDA BINTI KAMARUDIN A132720 AHMAD BUKHARI HUSAIN A132028 HAZIRAH BINTI ZAILAN A132397 NUR AFIZA BT MOHD ARIF A132261 FONG SHU LI A131943 NURUL HIDAYAH BT MUSTAFA A135443 LEONG KA KHENG A131988 KWAN LEE KUAN A131482

  3. PROJECT OUTLINE

  4. CHAPTER 1 : RESEARCH BACKGROUND 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.2 EPIDEMIOLOGY

  5. 1.1 INTRODUCTION

  6. Cross sectional study • to determine status of energy, iron and calcium intake among second year and third year students of Nutrition and Dietetics Programme in National University of Malaysia campus Kuala Lumpur. • According to Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) for Malaysia 2005 for • Energy • energy requirement for men adults ages from 19 to 29 years old is 2440 kcal/day . For women ages from 19 to 29 years old is 2000 kcal/day. • The energy intake is also determined by energy expenditure.

  7. Iron • iron recommendation for men is 1.37 mg/day. • Iron loss : • menstruating women from basal iron loss is 0.87 mg /day • Severe menstrual loss, 1.90mg /day • Iron requirement for women is 2.94 mg/day. • Causes of iron deficiency disease in girls • Eating disorders • beginning of menstruation - Poor iron status lead to iron deficiency anemia.

  8. Calcium • important • denser bones early in life • keep bones strong • healthy later in life. • Recommended nutrient intake (RNI) for calcium is • 800 mg/day for adults aged 19 to 50 years in women and men • Deficiency of calcium may leads to osteoporosis

  9. 1.2 EPIDEMIOLOGY

  10. Status of energy intake, iron and calcium among university student is low. • These have been said in journal FIRST JOURNAL (ENERGY) • According to journal 2011 Differences in Eating Behaviours, Dietary Intake and Body Weight Status between Male and Female Malaysian student from department of Nutrition and Dietetic, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, about half of the students skip meal and energy intake does not meet Malaysia Recommended Intake (RNI).

  11. SECOND JOURNAL (IRON) • According to the 2010 Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in female medical student in Tehran, about two billions people who have iron deficiency include young women. THIRD JOURNAL (CALCIUM) - According to the 2010 Knowledge, Attitude and Dietary and Lifestyle Practices on Bone Health Status among Undergraduate University Student in Health Campus, UniversitiSains Malaysia Kelantan, almost 98.6% fail to achieve the recommended daily calcium intake of 800 mg of their comparable age (NCCFN 2005).

  12. CHAPTER 2 : RESEARCH STATEMENT / RESEARCH QUESTION 2.1 RESEARCH STATEMENT / RESEARCH QUESTION

  13. Is the food intake of energy, iron and calcium among second year and third year students of Nutrition and Dietetics Programme meeting the Recommended Nutrition Intake (RNI) of Malaysia?

  14. CHAPTER 3 : OBJECTIVE 3.1 GENERAL OBJECTIVE 3.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE

  15. 3.1 GENERAL OBJECTIVE

  16. To identify the intake of energy, iron and calcium among second year and third year student in Nutrition and Dietetics Programme.

  17. 3.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

  18. To determine the consumption of energy, iron and calcium and compare to Recommendation Nutrition Intake of Malaysia (RNI) 2) To identify the factors of lifestyle that related to the intake of energy, iron and calcium among second and third year students of Nutrition and Dietetic Programme.

  19. 3) To differentiate the intake of energy, iron and calcium between male and female second year and third year students of Nutrition and Dietetics Program

  20. CHAPTER 4 : RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS 4.1 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

  21. Status of energy, iron and calcium intake for second year and third year students of nutrition and dietetics program is not meeting the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) for Malaysia 2005.

  22. CHAPTER 5 : 5.1 LITERATURE REVIEW 5.1.1 LITERATURE REVIEW FOR ENERGY 5.1.2 LITERATURE REVIEW FOR IRON 5.1.3 LITERATURE REVIEW FOR CALCIUM 5.2 JUSTIFICATION

  23. 5.1.1 LITERATURE REVIEW FOR ENERGY

  24. A Sjoberg et. al. in 2003 • To analyze the association between irregular breakfast, lunch and dinner eating and lifestyle factors and also between meal pattern and food choice to find out if irregular intake of main meals negatively affected energy and nutrient intake.

  25. Zabik et al. and Resnicow et al. Boys and girls with irregular breakfast intake differed from students consuming breakfast regularly with a higher percentage of energy from in-between meals and snack food. It is found that daily energy intakes appeared not to be affected when breakfast is skipped

  26. 5.1.2 LITERATURE REVIEW FOR IRON

  27. Bruner et al., 1996 • Serious consequences of anaemia have been shown in several studies and include impaired cognitive function, optimal behaviour. • Darnton-Hill, Boer, & Nishida, 1996 • Reduced immune function leading to increased risk of morbidity and mortality.

  28. Pollitt,1997 • Anaemia also has deleterious effects on school academic performance. • Bright-See et al., 1994 • 13-40% of Australian women fail to meet 70% of the recommended dietary intake (RDI) for iron • the lower limit of the RDI for iron is 10 mg for 5-18 year old females and 12 mg for 19-30year old females

  29. 5.1.3 LITERATURE REVIEW FOR CALCIUM

  30. The Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals and the Diet and Health Knowledge Survey 1994-96.  • Adequate intake for calcium has been set at 1300 mg/day for adolescents aged 9 to 18 years. However, only approximately 25% of males and 10% of females in this age group met the dietary recommendations for calcium intake.

  31. 5.2 JUSTIFICATION

  32. - To determine the energy, calcium and iron status among secondand thirdyear students of nutrition and dietetics- To determine the effects of status energy, calcium and iron to their study- To determine their lifestyle which involve the food consumption

  33. CHAPTER 6 : METHODOLOGY 6.1 RESEARCH DESIGN 6.2 SAMPLING PROCEDURE 6.2.1 TARGET POPULATION 6.2.2 SAMPLE POPULATION 6.2.3 SAMPLE SIZE 6.3 MATERIAL AND METHOD 6.4 RESEARCH ANALYSIS 6.5 INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION

  34. 6.1 RESEARCH DESIGN

  35. This study is designed to identify the intake of energy, iron and calcium of second year and third year students of Programme Nutrition and Dietetics. • Methods will be used to achieve the objectives for this study. • Type of study use is cross-sectional study which involve observational study. It involve the observation of subjects.

  36. 6.2 SAMPLING PROCEDURE

  37. 6.2.1 SAMPLING POPULATION • Target PopulationAll undergraduate of nutrition and dietetics students in UKMKL session 2011/2012. • Sample PopulationSecond and third year of nutrition and dietetics students in UKMKL session 2011/2012. Second year : 69 subjects Third year : 73 subjects Total : 142 subjects

  38. 6.2.2 SAMPLE SIZE • Sample size for our selected population is calculated according to the formula by Krejcie R V & Morgan D W. 1970..

  39. Our population size for this study is 142. population proportion is assumed 0.50 and the study is conducted with significance level of 5% and degree of accuracy is 5%. n = 3.84(142) 0.5(1-0.5) / 0.05² (142-1) + 3.84 (0.5)(1-0.5)  = 103.67≈ 104

  40. Our expected unrespond rate is 10% of samples: n* = 104 / (1-0.1)  = 115.55≈ 116 Therefore our desire sample size is 116 subjects.

  41. 6.3 MATERIAL AND METHOD

  42. Questionnaire • Socio-demographic and antropometry data questionnaire\questionnaire sosiodemographic n antrophometry.docx • 24 hours diet recall questionnaire\24 hrsrecall (1).docx • Lifestyle information questionnaire\Lifestyle Questionnaire (1).docx

  43. 6.4 RESEARCH ANALYSIS

  44. One sample t test • To compare nutritional status of subjects with standard that is Recommendation Nutrient Intake (RNI) • Independent t test • To compare nutritional status between male and female

  45. 6.5 INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION

  46. INCLUSION/EXCLUSION • Inclusion • Second year and third year students of nutrition and dietetics in UKMKL session 2011/2012. • Exclusion • First year and fourth year students of nutrition and dietetics in UKMKL session 2011/2012

  47. CHAPTER 7 : CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

  48. CHAPTER 8 : GANTT CHART

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