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Pre-Industrial Life

Pre-Industrial Life. Industry and Livelihoods before the Industrial Revolution. Living from the Land. Life before the Industrial Revolution Not based on machinery No mass production. A Harsh Way of Life. Time – measured by religious events and seasons Change – rare

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Pre-Industrial Life

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  1. Pre-Industrial Life Industry and Livelihoods before the Industrial Revolution

  2. Living from the Land • Life before the Industrial Revolution • Not based on machinery • No mass production

  3. A Harsh Way of Life • Time – measured by religious events and seasons • Change – rare • Income – from farming • Disease – common • Family size – small • High infant mortality (death) rate • 1 in 3 dies within first year of life • 1 in 2 reach age 21 • Average life expectance = 40 • Location – most in country villages • Most never travel outside of village

  4. Village Life • Most are farmers • Rent/own small strips of land in several areas of the village • Cooperative farming

  5. Village Life • Public land – “village commons” • Woodlands • Pastures • Less-fertile soil • No fencing between public and private

  6. Village Life • Economics – local • Not good transportation • Muddy roads • Self-sufficient towns • Grow enough for family + small amount to sell • Make own: • Homes • Clothes • Tools

  7. Village Life • The Rich • Country Estates – main house, cottages, barns, many fields • Luxurious living • Many servants

  8. Village Life • The Poor • Rend land from landowners • Cottages: small, smoky, poorly lit, dirt floors • Sometimes shared shelter with animals

  9. Village Life • Farming • Traditional • Same methods/tools as ancestors • Rely on weather for good seasons • Unpredictable • Involves every family member

  10. Early Industry • Small-scale industry • Coal mines • Focus on providing necessities • Coal • Iron • Glass • Clothes • Most workers were also farm workers • Help with harvest • Farmers help in workshops during winter

  11. Early Industry • Wool • Second to farming • Needs network • Buy raw fiber • Clean, sort and spin fiber into thread/yarn • Yarn to weaver • Material to fuller – shape/clean material • Dyer - coloring

  12. Early Industry • Domestic System • Every person focuses on one step of a process • Like weaving/wool • AKA – “Cottage System” or “Cottage Industry” • Workers are highly specialized • Different stages of a process are handled by different people in different cottages

  13. Early Industry • Coal • Located under farms • Mine workers worked on farms during harvest • Farm horses pull coal wagons from coal pits • Other • Buy what you can’t make • Guns, furniture, clothing • Imported goods • Barter system • Trade what you have for what you need

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