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European Societies Around 1492. Chapter 1 Section 4 Page 20. Social order. Renaissance – period when Europeans began investigating all aspects of the physical world. Europeans communities based on social hierarchy – organized according to rank. Monarchs & nobles at the top of hierarchy.
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European Societies Around 1492 Chapter 1 Section 4 Page 20
Social order • Renaissance – period when Europeans began investigating all aspects of the physical world. • Europeans communities based on social hierarchy – organized according to rank. • Monarchs & nobles at the top of hierarchy. • Peasants at the bottom (majority) • Nobility offered land & protection to peasants. • Few individuals moved beyond to rank they were born in to.
Social order • Merchant class did move up the social ladder. • Monarchs needed them to finance overseas exploration & expansion.
Family in society • Extended family not as important • Life centered around nuclear family • Gender determined the division of labor
Crusading Christianity • Church called Christian armies to force Muslims out of the Holy Land near Jerusalem. • 1096 – 1270 launched the Crusades – series of military expeditions in the Middle East. • Failed to “rescue” the Holy Land • Consequences • Sparked an increase in trade • Weakened the power of the nobles • Decreased the power of the pope
Decline in church authority • Disagreements over church authority & corrupt polices led to the Reformation. • Reformation – divided Christianity in western Europe b/w Catholicism and Protestantism.
Growth of commerce & population • Crusades opened up Asian trade routes. • New markets established • Silk • Tea • Porcelain • Europe’s population recovered from the plagues increasing city growth. • Stimulated commerce
Rise of nations • Crusades weakened the nobility and strengthened monarchies.
renaissance • Led to more secular spirits, an interest in worldly pleasures. • New confidence in human achievement • Started in Italy and spread north • Artists use realism • Stress individualism • Prompted many to seek glory through adventure, discovery, & conquest.
Age of expansion • Sailing Technology • Few ships ventured beyond the sight of land. • Make use of compass and astrolabe as navigation tools. • Caravel allowed ships to sail against the wind. • Portugal • Prince Henry of Portugal developed sailing technologies.
