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Solar Energy Utilization in China. Wang Qiming Counsellor for S & T Embassy of the People ’ s Republic of China 12 September 2007. Contents. China solar energy industry Government support to solar energy industry Future trends and key development areas. China solar energy industry.
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Solar Energy Utilization in China Wang Qiming Counsellor for S & T Embassy of the People’s Republic of China 12 September 2007
Contents • China solar energy industry • Government support to solar energy industry • Future trends and key development areas
China solar energy industry Solar energy utilization includes: • Solar power generation • Photovoltaic power (mainstream) • Solar thermal power • Solar heat utilization • Solar water heater (mainstream) • Others: solar house, solar oven, solar dryer and solar sea water desalination
Solar Power Generation Solar Photovoltaic Power • 1984: annual output 200 KM • 1988: annual output 4.5 MW • 2005: annual output 139 MW • 2006: annual output 300 MW • China: ranking the 3rd in the world • Solar energy efficiency of monocrystalline silicon cell : 11-13% (commercial), 25% (in lab)
Solar Power Generation Solar Photovoltaic Power (up to 2006) • Mainly in west China used in rural areas, communication stations, oil fields, transport stations, meteorology and military posts • 40 solar PV power stations built with total capacity: 600 KW • 150,000 solar power units in rural areas, total capacity: 2.9MW • Lanzhou-Lhasa optical fiber cables, solar pv power used in 26 communication stations • 216 satellite earth stations in Tibet powered by solar panel A solar power station in Tibet
China solar heat utilization Solar heat utilization in China Includes 5 parts: • solar water heater (mainstream) • solar house • solar oven • solar dryer • solar sea water desalination
China solar heat utilization Development up to year 2004
Solar water heater • Three kinds of solar water heater: vacuum tube, flat Plat and direct solarization • In 2004, total output of solar water heater 13.5 million m2 • Vacuum tube type:11.8 million m2, 87.5% of the total • Flat plat type: 1.525 million m2, 11.3% of the total • Direct solarization: 0.162 million m2, 1.2% of the total
Application of Solar Water Heater Main users are family households • Market share in 2001 • Gas heater 20.5% • Electrical water heater 11.2% • Solar water heater 5.7% • Market share in 2004 • Gas heater 22.9% • Electrical water heater 15.4% • Solar water heater 12.3%
R & D Input • Chinese government has been increasing R&D support to renewable energy industry • Main programmes: Key Research Program, 863 program, 973 program, Natural Science Foundation • R&D input（￥ to Rstimes 5.2） • 7th five-year (1985-89): ￥30 million • 8th five-year (1990-95): ￥30 million • 9th five-year (1996-00): ￥60 million • 10th five-years (2001-05): ￥220 million
Financial support • From 1987 to 1997, ￥120 million per year technical innovation loan to support renewable energy industries • In 2002, ￥175 million technical innovation loan further allocated to the production lines upgrading solar industries • Financial support also available from local governments • In 2007, National Reform and Planning Commission launched a “bright project” with ￥10 billion to application of PV power
Promote standardization and legislation The standard systems set up for solar water heater • Standard system for solar water heater, including 16 national technical standards and 3 industrial standards • All production in solar water heaters are standardized consistent to the standard systems
Promote standardization and legislation • Setting up a solar water heater quality monitoring andauthentication system • Three quality monitoring centers set up in Beijing, Wuhan and Kunming • An authentication center set up in Beijing by 2004 • Legislation • On 28 February 2005 China released the Renewable Energy Act, enforcing from 1 January 2006
China’s Long-Term Plan for Renewable Energies up to 2020 • On the day of 4 September 2007, China released a plan for next 13 years of renewable energies up to 2020 • By 2010 renewable energies 10% of total consumption; by 2020 reaches 15% Solar is more expensive, still 7 times higher than coal power
Solar Market Development • Combination of solar energy in building industry • China’s building and real estate industries in fast moving, annual building completion area 200 million m2 • Goal: contributing 6.5% of energy consumption of buildings • Many cities in China launched scheme of “solar hotwater for million houses”
Solar Market Development • Rural areas, a huge market for solar energy utilization • in 2000, total housing area 17 billion m2 • in 2020, total housing area 26 billion m2 • Rural housing is scattered in a vast areas, traditional energy (coal, electricity, natural gas), not technically and economically efficient • But a great potential for solar energy in rural areas where there is no access to electricity and natural gas
Solar Market Development Toward remote areas: • Solar power station for telecommunication • Solar power unit for satellite ground stations • Solar power pumps • Solar power station for schools • Solar power unit for individual farmer households • Solar power unit for frontier military posts
Technology Development Treads • Integration of solar energy in buildings • Solar lights • Solar city demo in Baoding • Solar energy sea water desalination • Solar drying technique and its application • Medium and high temperature utilization (thermal power generation)
