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Population Genetics 2002

Population Genetics 2002. WORKSHOP GENETIC ESTIMATES OF DISPERSAL. Joop Ouborg Dept. of Ecology Univ. of Nijmegen. GENETIC ESTIMATES OF DISPERSAL. TWO BASIC APPROACHES. INDIRECT APPROACH : how much dispersal must there have been to cause the observed pattern of genetic differentiation.

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Population Genetics 2002

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  1. Population Genetics 2002 WORKSHOP GENETIC ESTIMATES OF DISPERSAL Joop Ouborg Dept. of Ecology Univ. of Nijmegen

  2. GENETIC ESTIMATES OF DISPERSAL TWO BASIC APPROACHES • INDIRECT APPROACH : how much dispersal must there have been to cause the observed pattern of genetic differentiation • DIRECT APPROACH : who is the parent of who and where does he/she come from

  3. INDIRECT APPROACH • DEMOGRAPHIC MODEL • GENETIC MARKER SYSTEM • POPULATION GENETIC MODEL • PARAMETER ESTIMATOR

  4. DEMOGRAPHIC MODEL • INFINITE ISLAND MODEL • ISOLATION-BY-DISTANCE MODEL • CONTINUOUS MODEL • DISPERSAL MATRIX MODEL

  5. Moleculaire merkers • Sequencing (SNPs) • Microsatellieten (SSRs) • Multi-locus fingerprints • AFLP(Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) Oplossend vermogen • RAPD(random amplified polymorphic DNA) • chloroplastDNA PCR-RFLP • allozymen (eiwit-electroforese)

  6. POPULATION GENETIC MODEL • Fst = 1 / (1 + 4 NeM) • Fst = 1 / (1 + 4 NeM + 4Neμ) • Coalescence model

  7. POPULATIE 1 POPULATIE 2

  8. Estimators • Fst : standardized variance in allele frequencies over populations • Theta θ: Estimated from variance components of ANOVA (Cockerham and Weir 1993) • Rst : microsatellite specific estimator (correction for stepwise mutation process) (Slatkin 1995) • PhiST : estimator based on simmilarity indices, useful for data where no allelefrequencies are available (AMOVA, Excoffier et al. 1992)

  9. GENETIC DISPERSAL CURVES • Plot of log (NeM) versus log (distance) Log NeM Log D • Testable with Mantel test of correlation between distance matrix and genetic distance matrix

  10. POLLEN- VERSUS SEED DISPERSAL • Fst influenced by both • Based on comparison of nuclear marker patterns (e.g. microsatellites) and cytoplasmic marker patterns (e.g. cpDNA) • Models to separate the two (Ennos 1994; Hu and Ennos 1997)

  11. Nuphar lutea L.

  12. Microsatellites or SSR’s Ind. 1gtagtg gagaga gtaatg gtagtg gagaga gtaatg Ind. 2gtagtg gagagaga gtaatg gtagtg gagagaga gtaatg Ind. 3gtagtg gagagaga gtaatg gtagtg gagaga gtaatg ctgtagtggagagagagtaatggc Ind.1 Ind.2 Ind.3 gacatcacctctctctcattaccg

  13. Sample output Base ImagIR Nuphar lutea clones

  14. Microsatellite variation in Nuphar lutea

  15. Microsatellite variability within and among Dutch and French populations of Nuphar lutea NL F Rhône-1 Rijn-1

  16. 50 km polen ODER duitsland # migranten: Met de stroom mee 5.4 Tegen de stroom in: 0.5

  17. DIRECT APPROACH • Parental analyses • Seed flow : percentage of seedlings having no parent in the population • Pollen flow : percentage of seeds having no father in the population

  18. Indirect approach: GDA (Weir) http://www. ??? FSTAT (Goudet) http://www.unil.ch/izea/softwares.fstat.html GENEPOP (Rousset)http://www.univ-monp2.fr/~genetix/intro.htm MIGRATE (BEERLI)http:/evolution.stat.washington.edu

  19. ISOLATION BY DISTANCE • Mantel test in GENEPOP, NTSYS. Etc. • Spatial autocorrelation tests (Epperson) like AIDA

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