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The Original 13 Colonies

The Original 13 Colonies. By: Mr. Daniell. The Thirteen Colonies. There are two major reasons for the establishment of a colony; profit or religious freedom. William Penn’s Pennsylvania was the most religiously tolerant colony.

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The Original 13 Colonies

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  1. The Original 13 Colonies By: Mr. Daniell

  2. The Thirteen Colonies • There are two major reasons for the establishment of a colony; profit or religious freedom.

  3. William Penn’s Pennsylvania was the most religiously tolerant colony. Rhode Island and Connecticut were founded by religious dissidents. Maryland experienced several civil wars due to religious intolerance. Virginia was founded by the Virginia Co. for profit. Georgia was founded as a haven for debtors(people who owed money. The Carolinas were chartered and financed by eight English noblemen wanting in on the profitable tobacco cash crop. Colonial FactsReligion vs. Profit

  4. New England Colonies

  5. Colony # 2: Massachusetts • Founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims. • Plymouth was the original name of the settlement. • John Carver was the leader of the Pilgrims and author of the Mayflower Compact. • Puritans then came and settled Boston (Mass. Bay Colony) • John Winthrop was the governor of this settlement. • New England Colony Plymouth Plantation, with Cape Cod Bay visible in the distance Mayflower in Plymouth Harbor by William Halsall (1882)

  6. Colony # 2: Massachusetts The first Thanksgiving.

  7. Colony #4: Rhode Island • In 1636, Rhode Island became a colony after Roger Williams, a clergyman, obtained a charter from England to form the colony. • He spoke out against the Puritans strictness and went to this area to settle and provide religious choice. • Rhode Island also had freedom of religion. • New England Colony Roger Williams “minister, author”

  8. Colony #5: Connecticut • Also founded in 1636 by a clergyman by then name of Thomas Hooker. • He led a group of people from Rhode Island to start their own colony and they had freedom of religion. • New England Colony A map of the Connecticut, New Haven, and Saybrook colonies.

  9. Colony #9: New Hampshire • Sold to the king of England in 1679. • Royal colony: king chooses governor and no elected government. • New England Colony

  10. Physical Characteristics of New England Colonies • Land – rocky soil • Climate – Long cold winters and a short growing season prevented the cultivation of many crops • Major city: Boston

  11. New England Human Characteristics • Immigrants supplied manufacturers with a new source of labor. • Most people lived in cities, towns, or villages. Rural residents were less common than in the South.

  12. New England Human Characteristics • Pilgrims – founders of Plymouth Colony who came to America for religious freedom

  13. New England Human Characteristics • Puritans – founders of Massachusetts Bay Colony came to America for religious freedom and to “purify” the Church of England.

  14. New England Human Characteristics • Roger Williams – founded the colony of Rhode Island (RI)for religious freedom after escaping from imprisonment in Massachusetts Bay Colony (MBC)

  15. New England Human Characteristics • Anne Hutchinson – helped settle Rhode Island after being exiled from Massachusetts Bay Colony

  16. New England Human Characteristics • John Winthrop – Puritan leader of Boston; governor of Massachusetts; instrumental in the expulsion of Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson

  17. New England Economic Activities • Manufacturing( fast-flowing rivers created water power needed for milling)

  18. New England Economic Activities • Trade(deep water harbors and rivers)

  19. New England Economic Activities • Shipping and shipbuilding (harbors)

  20. New England Economic Activities • Lumbering

  21. New England Economic Activities • Furs

  22. New England Economic Activities • Fishing and Whaling

  23. New England Economic Activities • Because of unproductive land and poor climate, practiced subsistence farming (farming whose products are intended to provide for the basic needs of the farmer, with a small additional amount for trade)(growing enough for your family and a little for trade) • Grew Corn and Wheat

  24. The Middle Colonies

  25. Colony #8: New York • Started as New Netherland, a Dutch colony in 1609 • James Duke of York was given it from Charles II. • The English took over in 1664 and renamed it New York. • Middle Colony (Breadbasket Colony) James, Duke of York

  26. Colony #10: Pennsylvania • In 1681, William Penn was granted a charter for land between Maryland and New York. • King Charles was in debt to Penn’s father. • Penn was a Quaker and he gave the people two rights: 1. Freedom of Religion 2. Right to elect public officials. • Middle Colony (Breadbasket Colony

  27. Colony #11: Delaware • In 1682, the Duke of York granted William Penn this land. • It became a colony in 1704. • Middle Colony (Breadbasket Colony)

  28. Colony #12: New Jersey • The Duke of York split this land in half for two friends. (East Jersey & West Jersey) • Government quarrels caused them to be combined in 1702. • Middle Colony (Breadbasket Colony) Map of New Netherland (17th century)

  29. Middle Colonies Physical Characteristics • Land – river valleys, fertile soil • Climate – mild winters • Major city: Philadelphia

  30. Human Characteristics in the Middle Colonies • Most landowners farmed their own land.

  31. Human Characteristics in the Middle Colonies • Religious tolerance • More equality and diversity in society

  32. Human Characteristics in the Middle Colonies • Quakers – wished to worship freely; treated all people equally, regardless of wealth, religion, race, or gender

  33. Human Characteristics in the Middle Colonies • William Penn – Quaker leader who founded Pennsylvania, welcoming all who were willing to work; paid the Native Americans for acquired land and signed a peace treaty with them. (friend of the Indians)

  34. Human Characteristics in the Middle Colonies • Some slave labor was used at small farms.

  35. Economic Activity in the Middle Colonies • Fertile land produced grains • Known as the "Bread Basket"

  36. Economic Activity in the Middle Colonies • Seaports • Iron works

  37. The Southern Colonies

  38. Colony # 1: Virginia • Founded in 1607 (Jamestown) • Captain John Smith is given credit for starting this colony. • Many people at this time wanted to leave their homeland in order to have more freedoms and to not be under the strict rule of the kings of England. • Southern Colony

  39. Colony # 1: Virginia A Pocahontas statue was erected in Jamestown, Virginia in 1922 At Jamestown Settlement, replicas of Christopher Newport's 3 ships are docked in the harbor. Map of Virginia published by John Smith (1612)

  40. Colony # 3: Maryland • Founded in 1634 by George Calvert who started a charter but didn’t live to see it come true. He believed all people should have religious freedom. • King Charles I was king and didn’t agree with the religious freedom. • In 1649, the Toleration Act was passed that guaranteed equality of rights for everyone for religion. • Southern Colony George Calvert, Lord Baltimore

  41. Colony #6: North Carolina • Founded in 1663 by English nobles. • Charter granted by Charles II. • Charleston: main city was named after Charles II. Became very important port city. • Bad politics forced a split of the colony into North and South. • Southern Colony King Charles II

  42. Colony #7: South Carolina • In 1729 South Carolina received its name after a political dispute and became a colony. • Had large plantations for growing crops and raising livestock. • Southern Colony

  43. Colony #13: Georgia • It became a colony in 1733. • James Oglethorpe was granted a charter to start Georgia for the poor and unfortunate who leave prison. • It was known as a buffer zone between the Spanish and the English colonies. • Southern Colony

  44. Physical Characteristics of the Southern Colonies • Land –fertile land in the Tidewater region along the East Coast and coastal regions of the Deep South • Climate – mild winters, long growing season • Major city: Charleston (on Atlantic)was a main ports

  45. Human Characteristics in the Southern Colonies • Plantation owners depended on slave labor to cultivate large one-crop operations.

  46. Human Characteristics in the Southern Colonies • First Africans came to Jamestown in 1619 as “ servants” – either slaves or indentured servants

  47. Human Characteristics in the Southern Colonies • Small farms used family labor. • Small farms were generally found in the Piedmont region

  48. Human Characteristics in the Southern Colonies • James Oglethorpe – founded the colony of Georgia as a haven for debtors, Georgia served as a buffer zone with Spanish Florida

  49. Economic Activity in the Southern Colonies • Mostinhabitants(people) lived in rural areas and were engaged in agriculture. • Large plantations produced cash crops: tobacco, rice, indigo, cotton, and sugar cane

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