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TRACKING R&D

TRACKING R&D. Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY. Outline. Silicon-tracking R&D Gaseous-tracking R&D Caveat. Can only show examples: much activity and cannot claim completeness. For silicon, borrowed from Bruce Schumm, Aurore Navoy-Savarro, Jim Brau talks at Victoria, Beijing, Durham meetings.

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TRACKING R&D

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  1. TRACKING R&D Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  2. Outline • Silicon-tracking R&D • Gaseous-tracking R&D Caveat. Can only show examples: much activity and cannot claim completeness. For silicon, borrowed from Bruce Schumm, Aurore Navoy-Savarro, Jim Brau talks at Victoria, Beijing, Durham meetings. For TPC, taken from compilation for PRC meeting in Desy last week. See also tracking talks later this morning. Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  3. The SiLC international Collaboration (Acknowledged by PRC-DESY May 03) Helsinki U. (Fin) Obninsk St. U. (Ru) IEKP Karlsruhe (Ge) Charles U. Prague (CZ) Ac. Sciences.Wien (Au) LPNHE-Paris (F) U. de Genève (CH) Torino U. (I) INFN-Pisa (I) La Sapienza-Rome (I) CNM-Barcelona (Es) Cantabria U. (Es) Valencia IFIC (Es) Europe: BNL Wayne St.U. U. Of Michigan SLAC UCSanta Cruz -SCIPP USA: Korean Institutes Tokyo U. HAMAMATSU Asia: The collaborative effort is developing (regular audio/video confs). Collaboration between teams on various R&D topics: sensors, electronics, tests, mechanics, simulations. Santander, Valencia and Hamamatsu recently joined SiLC. Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  4. Power Off Power On 60 msec power restoration 8 msec power-off period (not to scale) Response to ¼, 1 and 4 mip signals Central Tracking (Silicon) Strip length: • Short strips segments (10 cm slices) are interesting for less noise, shorter shaping time, better time stamping. • Longer strips, long shaping time designs are also under development, motivated by minimized material in tracking volume. • Two ASICs for long shaping will soon go to fab. Santa Cruz ASIC power cycle LPNHE Preamp Note, silicon detector R&D also supports TPC detector where intermediate and forward tracking are needed Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  5. R&D sensors • Main R&D objectives: • Long microstrips (long ladders) • Si Drift • Keeping an eye on new Si-tech (pixelisation, VFE on detector etc…) • Main requests: TRANSPARENCY, PRECISION & BETTER YIELD • increased wafers from 6’’ to possibly 12’’ • thinner and smaller pitch • Expressed interest: Hamamatsu (Now officially part of SiLC) • ST Microelectronics/Catania (tbc) • CNM-Barcelona as R&D center • Others ? New comers are welcome • For Si-drift several European teams in STAR, ALICE • have good connections with various firms (Canberra …) • Lot of expertise from LEP, CDF, and now LHC (ATLAS, CMS and ALICE) • Vienna responsible for coordinating the R&D on sensors & contacts with industry • (also presently in charge in CMS). Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  6. Central Tracking (Silicon) Cooper, Demarteau, Hrycyk Optimizing the configuration support R. Partridge Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004 H. Park

  7. R& D on sensors: test benches Long ladder read out by VA LabView- based DAQ Signal from LD1060nm Faraday cage 14bits A/D Electronic card: Alims + FPGA Automated test bench in Paris Motorized 3D-table ( ± 10 μ) Most of the SiLC Institutes have well equipped test benches: key tool for detector & electronics R&D Consumer PC: DB, monitoring programs & Bookkeeping From remote: user Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  8. Preliminary results on the first long ladder prototype Built by Geneva U/ETH Zurich &LPNHE-Paris Average pedestal per strip using AMS long ladder technique Sensors are 4’’ , 300 µ thick, double-sided, 70 × 40.1 mm2, 110 µ/208µ readout pitch (p: junction side/n: ohmic side). A set of strips are connected in serpentine; thus strips with following length: 28 cm, 56 cm, 112 cm and 224 cm are tested. The long ladder is presently read out with VA64_hdr chip, with 3.7 µs shaping time. The ENC varies from 180 e- at C=0 to 1010 e- for the longest strip (note this is with 3.7µs) 18 Noise in mV 10 Shaping time: 3.7 µs 4 2 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Capacitance in pF Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  9. 2.5 m long drawer proto Thermal Mechanical Studies Based on tests on a mechanical prototype: Long drawer made of 5 ladders located in its alveolar structure At one end of the drawer: cooling water → cooled air convection by wind turbine + conduction In the alveolar structure Hypotheses of work: External temperature maintained at 35°C. Power dissipation per channel: 400 μW and no power cycling taken into account. The goal is to maintain the temperature on the detector ≤ 30°C, in order to avoid intrinsic noise increase. Prototype results are used to model the CAD thermal software (SAMCEF) Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  10. New thermal mechanical results Note: water temperature at 19°C ! No need to cool down the water temperature, thus simplified cooling system. Next step: to design and build a mechanical prototype of the C-fiber structure and to design an overall integrated cooling system Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  11. Integration studies: on Mechanical side SET Si-FCH • In the case of a Large Detector (i.e. with TPC) • Silicon-Envelope components are in strategic positions: • SIT links μvertex (σ~2-3μm) with TPC (σ~100μm) • SET links TPC with calorimeter • Similarly in the FW region: FTD and Silicon -FCH. • Questions to be answered: • In the case of SET & Silicon-FCH especially: • One point? What precision? • One segment? • One track? (requested length of tracking level arm?) • How this design compares with SiD in central & FW? SET FTD SIT μvertex Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  12. TPC R&D Groups Europe RWTH Aachen DESY U Hamburg U Karlsruhe UMM Krakow MPI-Munich NIKHEF BINP Novosibirsk LAL Orsay IPN Orsay U Rostock CEA Saclay PNPI StPetersburg America Carleton U LBNL MIT U Montreal U Victoria Asian ILC gaseous-tracking groups Chiba U Hiroshima U Minadamo SU-IIT Kinki U U Osaka Saga U Tokyo UAT U Tokyo NRICP Tokyo Kogakuin U Tokyo KEK Tsukuba U Tsukuba USA Chicago/Purdue Cornell (UCLC) MIT (LCRD) Temple/Wayne State (UCLC) Yale Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  13. HISTORY 1992:First discussions on detectors in Garmisch-Partenkirschen (LC92).Silicon? Gas? 1996-1997:TESLA Conceptual Design Report. Large wire TPC, 0.7Mchan. 1/2001:TESLA Technical Design Report. Micropattern (GEM, Micromegas) as a baseline, 1.5Mchan. 5/2001:Kick-off of Detector R&D 11/2001:DESY PRC prop. for TPC (European & North American teams) GOAL To design and build an ultra-high performance Time Projection Chamber …as central tracker for the ILC detector, where excellent vertex, momentum and jet-energy precision are required Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  14. Physics determines detector design • momentum: d(1/p) ~ 10-4/GeV(TPC only) ~ 0.6x10-4/GeV(w/vertex) (1/10xLEP) e+e-gZHgllX goal: dMmm <0.1x GZ  dMHdominated by beamstrahlung • tracking efficiency: 98% (overall) excellent and robust tracking efficiency by combining vertex detector and TPC, each with excellent tracking efficiency Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  15. Motivation/Goals • Continuous tracking throughout large volume • ~98% tracking efficiency in presence of backgrounds • Minimum of X_0 inside Ecal (<3% barrel, <30% endcaps) • σ_pt ~ 100μm (rφ) and ~ 500μm (rz) @ 4T for right gas if diffusion limited • 2-track resolution <2mm (rφ) and <5mm (rz) • dE/dx resolution <5% • Full precision/efficiency at 30 x estimated backgrounds Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  16. R&D program • gain experience with MPGD-TPCs, compare with wires • study charge transfer properties, minimize ion feedback • measure performance with different B fields and gases • find ways to achieve the desired precision • investigate Si-readout techniques • start electronics design for 1-2 million pads • study design of thin field cage • study design thin endplate: mechanics, electronics, cooling • devise methods for robust performance in high backgrounds • pursue software and simulation developments Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  17. OUTLINE First, briefly, • Gas-amplification systems • Prototypes • Facilities • Overview a few activites which are still in early stages • Field cage • Electronics • Mechanics Then, PROTOTYPE RESULTS and PLANS… Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  18. S1 Gas-Amplification Systems: Wires & MPGDs GEM: Two copper foils separated by kapton, multiplication takes place in holes, uses 2 or 3 stages Micromegas: micromesh sustained by 50μm pillars, multiplication between anode and mesh, one stage P~140 μm D~60 μm S1/S2 ~ Eamplif / Edrift Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004 S2

  19. Examples of Prototype TPCs Carleton, Aachen, Desy(not shown) for B=0 studies Desy, Victoria, Saclay (fit in 2-5T magnets) Karlsruhe, MPI/Asia, Aachen built test TPCs for magnets (not shown), other groups built small special-study chambers Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  20. Facilities Saclay 2T magnet, cosmics Desy 5T magnet, cosmics, laser Cern test-beam (not shown) Kek 1.2T, 4GeV hadr.test-beam Desy 1T, 6GeV e- test-beam Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  21. Field Cage Activities • FC ideas tried in Desy test TPC • Software calculations at Aachen demonstrate need for double-sided strips, test chamber built. • St.Petersburg calculations of several FC configurations. • Need to study Alice FC ideas. Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  22. Work on Electronics • Aleph and Star setups (3 of each) used for prototype work don’t take advantage of fast Gem/Mm signals from direct e-. • Rostock working on TDC idea. • Aachen studying highly integrated conventional approach. • Nikhef developing “Si RO” concepts (next slide) Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  23. Electronics Development Nikhef on CMOS readout techniques, joined by Saclay ~ 50 x 50 μm^2 CMOS pixel matrix + Micromegas or Gem ~ preamp, discr, thr.daq, 14-bit ctr, time-stamp logic / pixel ~ huge granularity(digital TPC), diffusion limited, sensitive to indiv. clusters for right gas ~ 1st tests with Micromegas + MediPix2 chip  more later… Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  24. Work on Mechanics IPN Orsay Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  25. PROTOTYPE RESULTS Presently mapping out parameter space: demonstration phase • Gas studies • Drift velocity measurments • Ion backdrift • Track distortion studies • Point resolution • Two-track resolution • Methods for improving resolution • Results from CMOS Pixel readout • Other activities Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  26. Prototype ResultsGas studies • Choice of gas crucial • Correlated to diffusion-limited resolution • Drift field should not be too high • Drift velocity should not be too low • Hydrogen in quencher sensitive to neutron background • Studied, e.g. (many done, more underway): • “TDR” Ar-CH4(5%)CO2(2%) • P5,P10 Ar-CH4(5%,10%) • Isobutane Ar-iC4H10(5%) • CF4 Ar-CF4(2-10%) • Helium-based • Simulations will be useful since they have been checked (next slide) Saclay/Orsay Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  27. Prototype ResultsGas studies Encouraging cross-checks to Magboltz simulation Karlsruhe group (earlier by Saclay and others also): TDR gas P10 Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  28. Prototype ResultsGas studies: ion backdrift Should be as small as possible to reduce ion buildup in gas-amplification region and possible ion leaking into drift volume. Micromegas Gem X-ray source Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  29. Prototype ResultsIon backdrift optimization Aachen study for GEMs 4mm --With optimization, rel. ion backdrift ~2.5‰ indep. of gain --Even with 10^5 more charge-density than expected, optimization dramatic Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  30. Prototype ResultsPoint resolution, Wires --Measured by Asia/MPI/Desy teams in MPI wire chamber and KEK magnet at KEK test beam (1-4 GeV hadrons with PID), B=0&1T, TDR gas --2x6mm^2 pads, 1mm wire-to-pad gap --PRF width measured to be = 1.43mm --Point resolution measured by fitting track to outer 6 rows and comparing track to hit on innermost 7th row. This method is known to overestimate the resolution (better method being implemented—see next slides) Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  31. Prototype ResultsdE/dx, wires, KEK beam test Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  32. mm^2, B = 1T Prototype ResultsPoint resolution, Micromegas Saclay/Orsay/Berkeley --Ageing negligible --Diffusion measurements σ_pt < 100μm possible --At moment only achieved for short drift (intrinsic σ) for gain~5000 (350V mesh), noise~1000e --Analysis continuing… B = 1T 1x10mm^2 pads Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  33. Prototype ResultsPoint resolution, Gem --Two examples of σ_pt measured for Gems and 2x6mm^2 pads. --In Desy chamber (triple Gem), method of fitting track without one padrow whose hit is compared with track (overestimate of σ_pt). --In Victoria chamber (double Gem), unbiased method used: track fit twice, with and without padrow in question, σ determined for each case; geometric mean of the two σ’s gives the correct result. --In general (also for Micromegas) the resolution is not as good as simulations expect; we are searching for why (electronics, noise, method). B=4T Gas:P5 30cm Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  34. Prototype ResultsImproving point resolution with resistive foil Carleton work. Charge dispersion via resistive foil improves resolution: for B=0 Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  35. Medipix2+Micromegas: results --Single-electron sensitivity demonstrated: Fe55 source, open30s/close, He/20%Isobut., threshold=3000e, gain=19K (-470V Mmegas), -1kV drift --Measure diffusion const.~ 220μm/cm, N_cluster~0.52/mm, in reasonable agreement with simulation --Future: develop “TimePixGrid” prototype by Nikhef/Saclay/et.al. for TPC application Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  36. Other activities: MIT Lorentz-angle meas., Gas studies, Gem resolution/manufacturing Cornell Simulation of pad size, resolution needed Purdue Gem manufacture together with 3M company Cornell/ Manufacture of prototype for studies Purdue Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004 A. Krivchitch

  37. Cornell Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  38. Gaseous Tracking R&D Dan Peterson, Cornell Are TPC’s Good for Tracking? • ZH events • Standalone TPC reconstruction (LD design) Answer: Yes. Next questions: what about resolution, ion feedback, track separation resolution, neutron backgrounds? Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  39. Cornell/Purdue Activities Cornell: Construct a first TPC device, greatly influenced by the Victoria design. Pictures below from Jan.04 Slac ALCPG meeting—detector now completed, shown at Vicotoria. 14.6 cm ID field cage for a 10 cm GEM 60 cm field length 22.2 cm OD outer structure Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  40. Daniella Bortoletto, Purdue 1st Mass Production of Micromegas • Industrially mass produced • MICROMEGAS using 3M’s FLEX circuit technology • 2. Conical pillars ( 1 mm pitch) to create a 50 mm gap. 35 micron The flat area that has a contact with the anode board Pillar cross section profile 50 micron height 70-80 micron (anode side) 300 micron wide (mesh side) Presented at ALCW SLAC Jan ’04 Now more detail Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  41. Prototype ResultsOperational experience • No systematic statistics yet • Several groups have had problems with sparking (with both Gems and Micromegas) • But it is too early to take this seriously (I had similar problems with Aleph) • Needs systematic study (to avoid an msgc-type problem)… Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  42. Plans • 1) Demonstration phase • Continue work for ~1 year with small prototypes on mapping out parameter space, understanding resolution, etc, to prove feasibility of an MPGD TPC. For Si-based ideas this will include a basic proof-of-principle. • 2) Consolidation phase • Build and operate “large” prototype (Ø ≥ 70cm, drift ≥ 50cm) which allows any MPGD technology, to test manufacturing techniques for MPGD endplates, fieldcage and electronics. Design work would start in ~1/2 year, building and testing another ~ 2 years. • 3) Design phase • After phase 2, the decision as to which endplate technology to use for the LC TPC would be taken and final design started. Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  43. TPC Summary • Experience with MPGDs being gathered rapidly • Gas properties rather well understood • Diffusion-limited resolution seems feasible • Resistive foil charge-spreading demonstrated • CMOS RO demonstrated • Design work starting Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

  44. TPC milestones 2005 Continue testing, design large prototype 2006-2007 Test large prototype, decide technology 2008 Proposal of/final design of LC TPC 2012 Four years for construction 2013 Commission TPC alone 2014 Install/integrate in detector Ron Settles MPI-Munich/DESY 7th ACFA WS Taipei 9-12 Nov. 2004

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