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Victory and Defeat in the Greek World

Victory and Defeat in the Greek World. Key Terms. Alliance Direct Democracy Stipend Jury Ostracism. The Persian Wars. Athens emerged as the wealthiest Greek city-state They sent forces to help the Ionian Greeks fight the Persians Persia was victorious

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Victory and Defeat in the Greek World

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  1. Victory and Defeat in the Greek World

  2. Key Terms • Alliance • Direct Democracy • Stipend • Jury • Ostracism

  3. The Persian Wars • Athens emerged as the wealthiest Greek city-state • They sent forces to help the Ionian Greeks fight the Persians • Persia was victorious • For punishment, Darius I sent a huge force across the Aegean to punish • Battle of Marathon • Overwhelmed by the fury of the Athenian assault, the Persians hastily retreated to their ships

  4. Renewed Attacks • Darius’s son, Xerxes, sent a much larger force to conquer Greece • A small Spartan force guarded the narrow mountain pass at Thermopylae • Leonidas held out against the Persian Force • After defeating the Spartans, the Persians marched south and burned Athens • The Athenians lured the Persian navy into narrow strait of Salamis • Persian navy was trapped • Greeks defeated the Persians on land in Asia Minor • Marked the end of the Persian invasions

  5. Results • Athens emerged from the war as the most powerful city-state in Greece • Athens organized the Delian League • Alliance with other Greek city-states • Athens dominated it

  6. Athens in the Age of Pericles • Years after the Persian Wars were a golden age • Under Pericles • Athens was a direct democracy • Athenian jury included hundreds or even thousands of jurors • Citizens would vote to banish a public figure whom they saw as a threat to their democracy

  7. The Funeral Oration • Pericles praised the Athenian form of government • Pericles stressed not only the rights but also the duties of citizenship • Considered one of the earliest and greatest expressions of democratic ideals

  8. Economic and Cultural Life • Hired the best architects and sculptors to rebuild the Acropolis • Building projects increased Athenians’ prosperity by creating jobs for artisans and workers • Gods favored the Athenians • Pericles turned Athens into the cultural center of Greece

  9. The Peloponnesian War • Other Greek states in the Delian League opposed Athenian domination • Sparta formed the Peloponnesian League • Athens faced a serious geographic disadvantage • Sparta was located inland so it could not be attacked from the sea • Many people from Athens moved within the city walls • Overpopulation led to plague • Killed 1/3 of the population • With Persian help, Sparta finally over took Athens

  10. The Aftermath of War • The Peloponnesian War ended Athenian domination of the Greek world • Athenian economy revived and Athens remained the cultural center of Greece.

  11. Questions to Consider • What is the Funeral Oration? Why is it important? • Explain the importance of the Age of Pericles. What did Pericles do for Athens? • What is the difference between the Persian and Peloponnesian War? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rJZ-STX0x0c

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