HW for Tonight

1. HW for Tonight • Study for tomorrow’s test on the Civil War and Reconstruction!! • Multiple Choice • Short Answer • I have uploaded the notes on my website!!!

2. Freedmen’s Bureau • Created by Congress to provide help for freed slaves • Helped solve everyday problems such as clothing, food, water, health care, communication with family members, and jobs

3. Reconstruction Plans • Lincoln’s Plan- Southern states has to swear an oath of loyalty to the Union, keep the country united • Radical Republican Plan- Southern states put under military rule, plan was stricter to punish South • Johnson’s Plan- Southern states had to abolish slavery, repeal secession, and pay war debts

4. Lincoln’s Assassination • “I slept no more that night; and although it was only a dream, I have been strangely annoyed by it ever since.”

5. Enter President Andrew Johnson • Owned several slaves before the war • Values: hated wealthy southerners but did not support equality for African Americans

6. Stevens, a member of Congress was concerned with Johnson’s Plan for Reconstruction. Johnson failed to return Steven’s letter of concern. He pushed forward on his own without Congress… “Can you not hold your hand and wait for Congress? African Americans will never have equal rights!! Andrew Johnson “Democrat” Thaddeus Stevens “Republican”

7. Republican Congress’ goals • Overthrow the powerful wealthy southerners • Allow freedmen to vote and protect their civil rights

8. Black Codes • Black Codes: State laws designed to keep freedmen in a slave-like condition. • No traveling without a permit • No weapons • No serving on juries • No marrying whites • No renting property in towns

9. Veto! Congress passes Civil Rights Act of 1866, giving citizenship and equal rights to freemen Johnson vs. Congress • Johnson Strikes Back Congress overrides the vetoes with…

10. Congress' irate response • Passes 14th Amendment: Grants citizenship and equal rights to anyone born in the U.S. • Passes Reconstruction Acts: • Divided South into military districts to be governed by Army • For readmission to Union, Southern states must: • Ratify 14th Amendment • Write new Constitutions guaranteeing Freedmen the right to vote • Form new state governments elected by all male citizens including Freedmen

11. Important Amendments 15th 13th 14th Abolish Slavery Voting rights Citizenship rights

12. Why is Andrew Johnson portrayed in this manner in the cartoon above?

13. President Johnson’s Impeachment • Congress issues Tenure of Office Act which required Senate permission before removing official from office • Johnson fires one of his cabinet members and is then impeached • “One vote shy of convicting Johnson"

14. Southern Democrats • White Southerners who believed in states' right to secede • Wanted to carry on as if the Civil War had not happened • Wanted to keep their wealth and power • Did not want to grant rights to freedmen

15. Southern Republicans • Carpetbaggers • Northerners who moved to the South after war • Served as clergy or teachers to help freedmen, or as business owners • Hated by Democratic Southerners

16. Southern Republicans • Scalawags • White Southerners who opposed secession and supported civil rights for freedmen • Hated by Democratic Southerners who saw them as disloyal to their race and their state

18. Rise of the KKK • Ku Klux Klan was a the underground group that targeted freedmen and their allies; it sought to restore white supremacy by threats and violence

19. A question… • Do you believe the Reconstruction period was a success or a failure? Give specific examples to explain and defend your decision.

20. Legacy of Reconstruction • Reconstruction after the Civil War was a failure. The North was at odds and distracted over how the effort should be addressed and thus did not effectively rebuild the South and bring it back into the Union. Also, although for a time it appeared as if the freed slaves would become equal with whites, racism was allowed to pervade into society. Therefore, as seen in the ineffective efforts to bring the South back into the Union as a healthy equal to the North, Reconstruction also failed to successfully integrate freed slaves into society.