History of Air Flight and Lighter than Air Crafts (LTA)

1. History of Air Flight and Lighter than Air Crafts (LTA) Aerospace Class Mrs. Gallenberger

2. NOTES – Lighter than Air Flight Since the dawn of civilization, man has expressed his desire to fly.We looked up into the sky and saw the birds, clouds, stars, moon, sun and the planets – and wondered what it would be like to go there.

3. NOTES – Lighter than Air Flight • One of the most important inventions that led to flight was the printing press…weird! • The printing press brought the price of books down and made the wide distribution of books possible. • People were able to SHARE information and knowledge with others – scientific knowledge began to accumulate…

4. NOTES – Lighter than Air Flight • For example: the man credited with inventing the hot air balloon, Father Laurenco de Gusmao, made some small models and demonstrated on of them for the king of Portugal in 1709. • The main contribution that he made to flight was that records of this demonstration were recorded and widely read throughout Europe.

5. NOTES – Lighter than Air Flight • One of the first people to make “significant drawings of aircraft” was the great artist and painter Leonardo da Vinci • Leonardo da Vinci was born April 15, 1452 in Anchiano, near Vinci, Italy, and died May 2, 1519 in Cloux, France.

6. NOTES – Lighter than Air Flight • There appears to be no field of knowledge where Leonardo da Vinci has not made a contribution to the world: • anatomy, physiology, mechanics, hydraulics, physics, mathematics, writing, engineering, philosophy, orbital mechanics, botany, optics were all studied and revealed by his genius.

7. NOTES – Lighter than Air Flight • Leonardo da Vinci invented many things, including: • The first parachute • An 8 barrelled machine gun • A giant crossbow • An armoured car • Boats • Several flying machines including an Ornithopter

8. The first “airships” that were invented were balloons. NOTES – Lighter than Air Flight

9. NOTES – Lighter than Air Flight Two brothers, Joseph and Etienne Montgolfier, made manned, lighter-than-air flight possible.

10. NOTES – Lighter than Air Flight The Montgolfier brothers are generally given credit for the invention of the hot air balloon.

11. NOTES – Lighter than Air Flight • The two brothers were not scientists…they were paper-makers who lived in France. • They were highly educated, and interested in science and flight. • They studied the research of an English scientist named Joseph Priestly. • Priestly had discovered OXYGEN (the element) in 1774, and had written papers on the properties of air.

12. NOTES – Lighter than Air Flight • One evening, while watching the fire in his fireplace, Joseph became interested in the “force” that caused the sparks and smoke to rise. • He made a small bag out of silk and lit a fire underneath the opening at the bottom causing it to rise. • The brothers thought that the ‘burning’ created a new gas, which they named “Montgofier Gas”, causing the bag to rise.

13. NOTES – Lighter than Air Flight • In June 1783, the brothers put on their 1st demonstration using a paper-lined linen bag that was 38-feet in diameter. • The balloon rose to an altitude of 6,000’ and traveled over a mile before landing.

14. In a demonstration at the Academy of Science in Paris, the Montgolfier brothers sent up 3 animals: a sheep, a rooster and a duck After this demonstration, it was time to send up a human. NOTES – Lighter than Air Flight

15. NOTES – Lighter than Air Flight • In Paris, on November 21, 1783, two men flew for the first time in a lighter than air craft. • Pilatre de Rozier • Later became the first man killed in an aircraft accident… • Marquis d’Arlandes • An infantry officer • The flight lasted 25 minutes and covered a little more than five miles.

16. Aeronaut – the pilot of a balloon or other lighter-than-air aircraft; a traveler in an airship. Atmosphere – the ‘ocean’ of air that surrounds the earth. Ambient temperature – the temperature of the surrounding environment. AEROSPACE VOCABULARY

17. AEROSPACE VOCABULARY • Archimedes’ Principle – the law that a body immersed in a fluid is buoyed up by a force (buoyant force) equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body. • Ballast – something heavy, as bags of sand, placed in the car of a balloon for control of altitude; object(s) placed in an aircraft to control the position of the center of gravity.

18. AEROSPACE VOCABULARY • Buoyancy – the upward force exerted by liquids or gasses. • Density – the relationship of mass per unit of volume (density = mass / volume) • Displacement – to push out of the way; distance which something has moved from its’ original position. • Expand – to stretch or spread; to make larger in size.

19. AEROSPACE VOCABULARY • Fluid – a substance, as a liquid or gas, that is capable of flowing. • Force – power of energy; strength to move something. • Gores – triangular piece of fabric or material used to construct a hot air balloon.

20. AEROSPACE VOCABULARY • Helium – extremely light gaseous element with no color; the second lightest element on the periodic table. • Hydrogen – nonmetallic element which is a highly flammable gas; the LIGHTEST element on the periodic table.

21. AEROSPACE VOCABULARY • Inert – without power to move or act; having little or no ability to react. • Meteorology – the science dealing with the atmosphere and its phenomena, including weather and climate;the study of the atmosphere. • Oxygen – breathable air in Earths’ atmosphere.

22. AEROSPACE VOCABULARY • Pressure – a force exerted by one body upon another; the exertion of force upon a surface by an object, fluid, etc., in contact with it. • Specific Gravity – the ratio of the density of any substance to the density of some other substance taken as standard. • Volatile – tending to change readily into a vapor, especially at ordinary temperatures.