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CNS Stimulants

CNS Stimulants. Jenna Washuleski. Audience . What are CNS Stimulants. Central Nervous System Stimulants increase alertness, euphoria, and cause the user to feel more energized Also known as an “Upper” Reason for Dependence and Misuse Stimulants are classified in two categories

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CNS Stimulants

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  1. CNS Stimulants Jenna Washuleski

  2. Audience

  3. What are CNS Stimulants • Central Nervous System Stimulants increase alertness, euphoria, and cause the user to feel more energized • Also known as an “Upper” • Reason for Dependence and Misuse • Stimulants are classified in two categories • Schedule I • “Designer” Amphetamines • Schedule II • Amphetamine, Cocaine, Methylphenidate (Ritalin) • Hanson, Glen R., Peter, Venturelli J., and Fleckenstein, Annette E. "Chapter 10: Stimulants." Drugs and Society. 11th ed. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett, 2012. 285-321. Print. • .

  4. CNS Stimulates • Hanson, Glen R., Peter, Venturelli J., and Fleckenstein, Annette E. "Chapter 10: Stimulants." Drugs and Society. 11th ed. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett, 2012. 285-321. Print. • .

  5. Amphetamines • Video on Amphetamines (End video at 1:36) • Amphetamines are a sympathomimetic drug • Similar to neurotransmitters like dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and serotonin • Amphetamines increase the production of neurotransmitters (like dopamine) and prevent it from being recycled which creates a longer high feeling BlueBelly. "How Stimulant Drugs Work." How Stimulant Drugs Work. BlueBelly, 09 June 2009. Web. 16 Apr. 2014.

  6. Approved Uses of Amphetamines • Hanson, Glen R., Peter, Venturelli J., and Fleckenstein, Annette E. "Chapter 10: Stimulants." Drugs and Society. 11th ed. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett, 2012. 285-321. Print. • .

  7. Approved Uses of Amphetamines (Continued) • Hanson, Glen R., Peter, Venturelli J., and Fleckenstein, Annette E. "Chapter 10: Stimulants." Drugs and Society. 11th ed. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett, 2012. 285-321. Print. • .

  8. Types of Amphetamines Designer drugs are a product of amphetamine and methamphetamine that have prominent psychedelic effects in addition to their CNS stimulatory action.Some designer drugs are… • Hanson, Glen R., Peter, Venturelli J., and Fleckenstein, Annette E. "Chapter 10: Stimulants." Drugs and Society. 11th ed. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett, 2012. 285-321. Print. • .

  9. Types of Amphetamines (Continued) • Methamphetamine • Adderall • Adderall XR • Dexedrine • Detroamphetamine • Used for ADHD and narcolepsy • Levoamphetamine • A psychostimulant used to increase alertness • Dextrostat • Methylphenidate (Ritalin) • Concerta • Vyvanse • Procentra • Focalin • Strattera • Lisdexamfetamine • Used for ADHD "Lists of Amphetamines." Amphetamines.com. N.p., 2014. Web. 11 Apr. 2014.

  10. Common Slang Terms for Amphetamines "Amphetamine Facts." Amphetamines. Australian Drug Foundation, 27 Jan. 2013. Web. 10 Apr. 2014.

  11. What Do Amphetamines Look Like? "Amphetamine Facts." Amphetamines. Australian Drug Foundation, 27 Jan. 2013. Web. 10 Apr. 2014.

  12. Method of Administration "Amphetamine." Drugs Forum RSS. SIN Foundation, 2012. Web. 11 Apr. 2014.

  13. Amphetamine Effects "Amphetamine." Drugs Forum RSS. SIN Foundation, 2012. Web. 11 Apr. 2014.

  14. Methylphenidate (Ritalin) • “A Special Amphetamine” • Mild stimulant • Schedule II drug • Blocks the reuptake of dopamine and noradrenaline into their receptive neurons • Treats narcolepsy and ADHD • Intended to be used orally • Can be abused by snorting or when used as a performance enhancer • Hanson, Glen R., Peter, Venturelli J., and Fleckenstein, Annette E. "Chapter 10: Stimulants." Drugs and Society. 11th ed. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett, 2012. 285-321. Print. • .

  15. Other Stimulant Products • Caffeine • Caffeine-like drugs (Xanthines) • Stay-Awake Products • Picker-Uppers • Herbal stimulants • Contain ephedrine, ephedra, or guarana • OTC Sympathomimetics • Cold, allergic, and diet aid medications • Performance Enhancers • Drugs taken to increase physical or mental performance to achieve a more positive result (Adderall for tests in school) • Methamphetamine • Cocaine • Crack cocaine • Daughtery, R., & O'Bryan, T. (2014). Prime for life. (8.0 ed.). Lexington, Kentucky, USA: Prevention Research Institute.

  16. Caffeine • Hanson, Glen R., Peter, Venturelli J., and Fleckenstein, Annette E. "Chapter 10: Stimulants." Drugs and Society. 11th ed. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett, 2012. 285-321. Print. • .

  17. Xanthine • Herbal “natural products” • Energy Drinks • Chocolate • Cocoa • Soft Drinks (Mountain Dew, Pepsi, Coca-Cola, etc.) • Hanson, Glen R., Peter, Venturelli J., and Fleckenstein, Annette E. "Chapter 10: Stimulants." Drugs and Society. 11th ed. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett, 2012. 285-321. Print. • .

  18. PharmacologicalEffects of Xanthine • CNS Effects • 100-200 mg/day - Alertness, arousal, and reduces tiredness • 300+ mg/day – Insomnia, increased tension, anxiety, and muscle twitches • 500+ mg/day – panic sensations, chills, nausea, and clumsiness • Extreme doses/day – May result in seizures, respiratory failure, and even death • Cardiovascular and Respiratory Effects • 500+ mg leads to increased heart activity • Can help with asthma-related respiratory problems • Caffeine Intoxication • Caffeinism: frequent high does of caffeine • Caffeine Dependence • Not likely to be an issue. Individual may experience headaches when not consuming caffeine, but it shouldn’t interfere with daily activity. • Hanson, Glen R., Peter, Venturelli J., and Fleckenstein, Annette E. "Chapter 10: Stimulants." Drugs and Society. 11th ed. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett, 2012. 285-321. Print. • .

  19. MDMA (ECSTASY) • In late 1970s and early 1980s MDMA was used for psychotherapy • Schedule I Drug • Illegally manufactured • Causes user to feel sensory enhancement, psychedelic effects, hallucinations, and extreme euphoria • Often used at raves, clubs, and bars • Video on what MDMA does to your brain “MDMA (Ecstasy or Molly)”NIDA for Teens. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 24 Mar. 2014. Web. 12 Apr. 2014.

  20. MDMA (Ecstasy) Street Slang Names “MDMA (Ecstasy or Molly)”NIDA for Teens. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 24 Mar. 2014. Web. 12 Apr. 2014.

  21. MDMA (Ecstasy) • Form • Pill, tablet, or capsule • Varies in colors • Often have cartoon-like images on them • Takes 15 minutes to enter bloodstream and reach brain • Takes 45 minutes to feel “high” • Last for 3 to 6 hours “MDMA (Ecstasy or Molly)”NIDA for Teens. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 24 Mar. 2014. Web. 12 Apr. 2014.

  22. MDMA (Ecstasy) Negative Effects • Anxiousness • Sweating and chills • Dizziness • Muscle tension • Nausea • Blurred Vision • Increased heart rate • Increased blood pressure • Intense clenching of the teeth • Sadness and depression • Can last for several days to a week • Memory difficulties • Can become permanent • Dehydration that leads to hyperthermia • Lead to heart and kidney problems • Could lead to death • High levels in blood stream can lead to seizures “MDMA (Ecstasy or Molly)”NIDA for Teens. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 24 Mar. 2014. Web. 12 Apr. 2014.

  23. Methamphetamine • Hanson, Glen R., Peter, Venturelli J., and Fleckenstein, Annette E. "Chapter 10: Stimulants." Drugs and Society. 11th ed. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett, 2012. 285-321. Print. • .

  24. Methamphetamine Street Slang Names “Methamphetamine (Meth)." NIDA for Teens. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 24 Mar. 2014. Web. 12 Apr. 2014.

  25. Methamphetamine “Methamphetamine (Meth)." NIDA for Teens. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 24 Mar. 2014. Web. 12 Apr. 2014.

  26. Methamphetamine “Methamphetamine (Meth)." NIDA for Teens. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 24 Mar. 2014. Web. 12 Apr. 2014.

  27. Methamphetamine “Methamphetamine (Meth)." NIDA for Teens. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 24 Mar. 2014. Web. 12 Apr. 2014.

  28. Consumption of Methamphetamine can lead to overdose and death.

  29. STAY AWAY FROM METH!

  30. Cocaine Schedule II Drug “Cocaine has been used as a stimulant for thousands of years.” "Cocaine." NIDA for Teens. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 24 Mar. 2014. Web. 12 Apr. 2014.

  31. Street Slang for Cocaine "Cocaine." NIDA for Teens. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 24 Mar. 2014. Web. 12 Apr. 2014.

  32. Forms of Cocaine "Cocaine." NIDA for Teens. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 24 Mar. 2014. Web. 12 Apr. 2014.

  33. Method of Administration Sometimes powder cocaine is rubbed onto tissues such as gums. Freebasing: conversion of cocaine into its alkaline form for smoking "Cocaine." NIDA for Teens. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 24 Mar. 2014. Web. 12 Apr. 2014.

  34. PharmacologicalEffects of Cocaine • Enhanced activity of dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline and serotonin transmitters • Blocks the reuptake and inactivation of these elements following their release from neurons • CNS Effects • Creates increased strength, energy, and performance • Increases euphoria, self-confidence, well-being, and sociability • Cardiovascular System Effects • Increases the levels of adrenaline, increases heart rate, raises blood pressure • Local Anesthetic Effects • Reduces bleeding • Topical numbing effects • Hanson, Glen R., Peter, Venturelli J., and Fleckenstein, Annette E. "Chapter 10: Stimulants." Drugs and Society. 11th ed. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett, 2012. 285-321. Print. • .

  35. Effects of Cocaine • Increased happiness and excitement • Talk, move, and think quickly Alertness, wakefulness, restlessness Heart beats faster Nervousness and anxiety • Mood swings • Aggressiveness • Paranoia • Twitching and shaking of the body • Increased Blood Pressure • Could lead to heart attack or stroke • Suppressed appetite • Possible weight loss "Cocaine." NIDA for Teens. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 24 Mar. 2014. Web. 12 Apr. 2014.

  36. Effects of Cocaine • If Individuals inject cocaine with dirty/shared needles, they are at higher risk for HIV/AIDS and hepatitis • Repeated snorting of cocaine can result in nosebleeds, constant runny nose, hoarseness, and sense of smell • Cocaine user developed a hole in their nose over a period of time. • Oral consumption may lead to bowel problems and reduce blood flow in the intestines • Overdose • Death • When the “high” wears off • “Crash” feeling • Fatigue • Sadness • Cravings to do more cocaine • Feeling of sickness, stomach pain, headaches "Cocaine." NIDA for Teens. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 24 Mar. 2014. Web. 12 Apr. 2014.

  37. Cocaine Abstinence Phases • Hanson, Glen R., Peter, Venturelli J., and Fleckenstein, Annette E. "Chapter 10: Stimulants." Drugs and Society. 11th ed. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett, 2012. 285-321. Print. • .

  38. Crack Cocaine • Already processed cocaine and making it pure again is crack cocaine • Could contain as much as 90% pure cocaine • Inexpensive • Typically smoked in a glass water pipe • A rush or high happens within 8 to 10 seconds • The high can last about 3 to 5 minutes • “Crash” occurs for 10 to 40 minutes • Extreme state of depression "Cocaine." NIDA for Teens. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 24 Mar. 2014. Web. 12 Apr. 2014.

  39. Withdrawals From CNS Stimulants "Amphetamine Facts." Amphetamines. Australian Drug Foundation, 27 Jan. 2013. Web. 10 Apr. 2014.

  40. CSN Stimulants and Pregnancy Research done on CNS Stimulants and pregnancy is not fully understood and is not always clear because either there aren’t enough studies, or the current studies do not have well defined or properly matched pregnancy populations. Studies can also be contaminated there are poor nutrition, living conditions, and lifestyles, and other drug use such as alcohol was present during pregnancy. These symptoms are what may happen… • Amphetamines – If a pregnant mother are taking prescription medicine, she should talk to her doctor about further taking medication. • Caffeine - Pregnant mothers should have less than 200 mg/day. Mothers who chose to drink caffeine are at higher risk of miscarriage and stillbirth. There can be slight reduction in weight of baby at birth. • MDMA (Ecstasy) - There has not been enough research in this area. • Methamphetamine – Low birth weight, Cleft palates, Premature birth, Mental and physical birth defects, Increased risk of miscarriage • Cocaine “Cocaine Babies” - Low birth weight, Premature birth, Small head, Increased irritability, Cognitive defects, Problems with motor skills and language development, Problems gathering info, short attention span. There is a high rate of mother’s abandoning their babies after birth. • Crack Cocaine “Crack Babies” – Similar defects to Cocaine Babies • Daughtery, R., & O'Bryan, T. (2014). Prime for life. (8.0 ed.). Lexington, Kentucky, USA: Prevention Research Institute. "Amphetamine Facts." Amphetamines. Australian Drug Foundation, 27 Jan. 2013. Web. 10 Apr. 2014. "Caffeine during Pregnancy." BabyCenter. BabyCenter, L.L.C., Apr. 2012. Web. 15 Apr. 2014. Pappas, Stephanie. "Ecstasy in Pregnancy Is Bad for Baby, Study Finds."LiveScience. TechMedia Network, 08 Mar. 2012. Web. 15 Apr. 2014. Chait, Jennifer. "What Are the Effects of Crystal Meth on Pregnancy?"LoveToKnow. Love To Know Corp., 24 Mar. 2014. Web. 15 Apr. 2014. "Cocaine." NIDA for Teens. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 24 Mar. 2014. Web. 12 Apr. 2014.

  41. Treatment for Dependence on CNS Stimulants Recovery Story, 15 Reasons to Overcome Addiction

  42. In the appropriate box, write down the pros and cons based on your low risk choices towards CNS Stimulants. Then write down the pros and cons of continued high risk choices. Low Risk Choices High Risk Choices PROS Daughtery, R., & O'Bryan, T. (2014). Prime for life. (8.0 ed.). Lexington, Kentucky, USA: Prevention Research Institute CONS In the video from the previous slide, Jessica listed 15 reasons to stay sober. What reasons can you think of? This chart will help you decide.

  43. Conclusion • If you or someone you know has an addiction, take action today!

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