Standard 10.9 Review

1. Standard 10.9 Review Chapter 14 Section 5 Chapter 15 Sections 1-5

2. 9.1 Compare the economic and military power shifts caused by the war, including the Yalta Pact, the development of nuclear weapons, Soviet control over Eastern European nations, and the economic recoveries of Germany and Japan. • The Soviet Union wanted to establish control over the governments in Eastern Europe to promote the spread of Communism, rebuild its economy using materials and equipment from Eastern Europe and what else? • At the Yalta conference, 3 countries met to discuss the future of Europe. This was when Germany was divided. What were those countries?

3. 9.1 continued • The United States detonated the first nuclear weapon in 1945 and became the first superpower. The Soviet Union detonated their bomb in 1949 with secrets stolen by the Rosenburgs. How long did it take the Soviet Union to detonate their own nuclear weapon? • After WWII, Japan changed. It became an economic and financial leader by the 1960s and an industrial and manufacturing leader by the mid 1970s. What type of society did it resemble?

4. 9.2 Analyze the causes of the Cold War, with the free world on one side and Soviet client states on the other, including competition for influence in such places as Egypt, the Congo, Vietnam, and Chile. • What policy led to the United States becoming involved in the Vietnam War? • Why is the Vietnam War considered a microcosm of the larger Cold War? • In Chile, which nation backed military dictator Pinochet instead of freely elected Allende?

5. 9.2 continued • Why did the United States provide backing for wars of revolution, use the CIA for spying and assassination attempts, and build schools and set up programs to combat poverty in Third World countries? • What superpower item helped cause the Cold War?

6. 9.3 Understand the importance of the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan, which established the pattern for America’s postwar policy of supplying economic and military aid to prevent the spread of Communism and the resulting economic and political competition in arenas such as Southeast Asia (i.e., the Korean War, Vietnam War), Cuba, and Africa. • What is the domino theory? • What plan gave economic aid to Italy and France to rebuild their countries following WWII? Which nation gave this aid? • What document gave U.S. military aid to countries fighting communism? • What was the primary strategy of containment?

7. 9.3 continued • What document justified U.S. involvement in the Korean War and Vietnam War? • The United States used the economic power it gained through the Marshall Plan to hasten the recovery of western Europe in an attempt to limit the ability of the Soviet Union to influence countries there.

8. 9.4 Analyze the Chinese Civil War, the rise of Mao Tse-tung, and the subsequent political and economic upheavals in China (e.g., the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution, and the Tiananmen Square uprising). • Why did Mao Tse-tung introduce the “Great Leap Forward” in China? • Why do you think that China’s Cultural Revolution glorified the workers and prosecuted the intellectuals? • What did Mao propose in order to receive strong public support for the Red Army?

9. 9.4 continued • The Tiananmen Square Uprising marked the beginning of a government campaign to stamp out protest in China. Who led the protests? Why did they protest?

10. 9.5 Describe the uprisings in Poland (1956), Hungary (1956), and Czechoslovakia (1968) and those countries’ resurgence in the 1970s and 1980s as people in Soviet satellites sought freedom from Soviet control. • In the 1950s, protests in Poland against communism resulted in Poland getting the right to follow its own socialist path. What did Poland have to promise to still be a part of? • Whose death was important for setting the stage for the 1956 Hungarian uprising? • In 1968, the Soviet military used the Brezhnev Doctrine to justify intervention in which country?

11. 9.6 Understand how the forces of nationalism developed in the Middle East, how the Holocaust affected world opinion regarding the need for a Jewish state, and the significance and effects of the location and establishment of Israel on world affairs. • Palestinians, Jews, and one other group all claim the same region of the Middle East as their current homeland because all three groups lay claim to a previous residence in the region. What is the other group? • Why was Israel created after WWII? • Why was there support for a Jewish state?

12. 9.7 Analyze the reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union, including the weakness of the command economy, burdens of military commitments, and growing resistance to Soviet rule by dissidents in satellite states and the non-Russian Soviet republics. • Mikhail ________ started democratic reforms in the Soviet Union that eventually led to its collapse. • He also tried to streamline his policies of perestroika and glasnot. What did he lose control of?

13. 9.7 continued • The Soviets used a command economy while the Western nations used free market systems. The Soviets couldn’t make rapid changes, there was little incentive to run efficient industries, and there was little production of consumer goods. Which one was inferior? • What did the Kremlins do that led to Soviet economic collapse?

14. 9.8 Discuss the establishment and work of the United Nations and the purposes and functions of the Warsaw Pact, SEATO, NATO, and the Organization of American States. • What does SEATO stand for? • The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was formed to prevent the spread of __________. • The Warsaw Pact was formed to prevent the spread of _________.

15. 9.8 continued • The main goal of the United Nations is peace, human dignity, and welfare. • The Organization of American States (OAS) was formed to protect what countries in the Western Hemisphere from Soviet influence?