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Japan. Political Culture. Homogeneity Uniqueness Isolation Borrowing Geography Communitarian Adaptability/Organizational skills Emperor Power is behind the scenes. 1. Homogeneity. 98% Japanese Korean and Chinese minority Status of Burakumin. 2. Uniqueness 3. Isolation
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Political Culture • Homogeneity • Uniqueness • Isolation • Borrowing • Geography • Communitarian • Adaptability/Organizational skills • Emperor • Power is behind the scenes
1. Homogeneity • 98% Japanese • Korean and Chinese minority • Status of Burakumin
2. Uniqueness 3. Isolation From: 1600/1638 To: 1853
4. Borrowing Japanese spin Tradition on foreign ideas “Japanification” foreign ideas
5. Geography From: Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, http://tochi.mlit.go.jp/h19hakusho/set_0_eng.htm
6. Communitarian Individualistic? “The squeaky wheel gets the grease.” Communitarian? “The nail that sticks up gets hammered down.” The role of geography and economics
7. Adaptability and Organizational Skills Ministry of Economy Trade and Industry data from: http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/challenge/energy/nuclear/p-necess-e.html
8. Emperor • First Emperor, Jimmu Tenno (660-585 BC), • Great, Great, Great, Grandson of Amaterasu, the Sun Goddess, • National Foundation Day: Feb 11
Tanaka Kakuei LDP, 1960s-1980s Ozawa Ichiro DPJ, 1990s-present 9. Power behind the Scenes
Periods of History • 10th-17th: Feudal Japan • 1600-1868 Tokugawa Era • 1868 Meiji Restoration • 1920s-1940s: • Institutionalists vs. Nationalists
1. Feudal Japan From: Government of Saskatchewan, 7th Grade Curriculum, http://www.sasked.gov.sk.ca/docs/midlsoc/gr7/74handouts1.html
Nitobe Inazo, Bushido: The Soul of Japan, 1908 Samurai Class
Centralization Grows: Shogun • Oda Nobunaga 1568-1582 • Toyotomi Hideyoshi 1582-1598 • Unified Japan 1590 • 1598: Tokugawa shogunate vs. Mitsunari shogunate
Tokugawa Era • Isolation • Centralized Feudalism • Emperor?
3. Meiji Restoration • End of isolation • Restoration and revolution • Birth of Modern Japan
1853 US Navy in Tokyo Bay Treaty of Kanagawa, March 31, 1854
Meiji Restoration:Emperor Mutsuhito 1852-1912 Meiji Era: 1867-1912 (enlightened rule)
The Restoration • 1889 Constitution • Article 1. The Empire of Japan shall be reigned over and governed by a line of Emperors unbroken for ages eternal. • Article 3. The Emperor is sacred and inviolable. • Article 4. The Emperor is the head of the Empire, combining in Himself the rights of sovereignty... • Article 11. The Emperor has the supreme command of the Army and Navy.
Sino-Japanese War 1894-5 Treaty Of Shimonoseki Russo-Japanese War 1904-5 Treaty of Portsmouth Power and Expansion
4. Nationalism and War • Ultranationalists vs. Institutionalists • Washington Naval Treaty 1922 • London Naval Treaty 1930 • 1931 Manchuria (Manchukuo)
Post-War Japanese Government • Surrender, Occupation and Punishment • US-Japan Security Treaty, 1951 (1952) Japanese Foreign Minister Shigemitsu Mamoru Signing the surrender Agreement, 9/2/45