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2.3 Mood States

2.3 Mood States. By Zoe, Ant and Larissa . Background. For years sports psychologist have endeavoured to discover if personality can influence the performance of an individual with in a sporting context .

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2.3 Mood States

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  1. 2.3 Mood States By Zoe, Ant and Larissa

  2. Background For years sports psychologist have endeavoured to discover if personality can influence the performance of an individual with in a sporting context Research began in in the 1970’s headed up by Morgan who worked with psychologists such as Johnson, Pollock and Nagle They focus their work around how mood can effect performance using the profile of moods state questionnaire (POMS), this measure was developed by McMair in 1971and is thought to be the most valid way to measure mood From this work Morgan created a one tailed hypothesis “athletes with a positive mental health are more likely to be successful” Discuss ?

  3. Methodology MMPI Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory. This is one the most used personality inventories. Its a series of yes no questions designed to measure the personality traits of an individual, It was first designed for use in clinical psychology which means we can question as to whether it should be used in a sporting context Self report questionnaires Plotted against success in given sport

  4. Morgans Mental-health Model Key Study The study tested 60 elite rowers to which 57 agreed to be tested using the MMPI, these rowers were in the process of national representative honour. They were told that the results of the test would have no effect on their chances for being selected for the 16 places in the national team. So therefore no profiles were analysed until after the final selections. Morgan predicted that the successful rowers. Those who made the team would score high in vigour extroversion and score low in anxiety tension anger fatigue and neuroticism

  5. Results and Conclusions Results; The results showed that psychological test had the capacity to make predictions about athletes at an elite level 10 of the 16 successful rowers and 31 out of 41 unsuccessful rower were identified by the test. So therefore 41 out of 57 prediction were correct which is around a 72% successful prediction The successful and unsuccessful elite rowers had opposite profiles It was concluded that the hypothesis could be accepted as the results showed that those with positive personality traits performed better in their given sport

  6. Evaluation • Data: Quantitative data operationalised by the MMPI test score • Application: Prediction of performance • Validity: If state of mood is dynamic then can it be accurately measured • Ethics: being told you score highly in negatively perceived personality traits maybe upsetting, this study also could have been off putting to the rowers which could of been why some rowers didn't take part • Sample: 57 rowers likely to be both Gender/ethnocentric which would intern affect generalizability of the results • Reliability: MMPI is regularly used and is considered to be a reliable measure. Furthermore the quantitative data is high in reliability. • Usefulness: coaches using MMPI results to predict how successful individuals in their team will be • Methodology: Self report questionnaire

  7. Debates Deterministic: This study is very deterministic, it says that an individuals sporting success will be due to their personality. This means that the end success will by caused by influences regarded as external to free will Reductionism: This study is also highly reductionist, the study suggests that its personality that is causing the individuals success. However an individuals success will be influenced by many factors. Eg: social influences, friends and family support, Biological influences, if their physical development allows for success. Psychology as a science: This study uses Quantitative data which is often viewed as being scientific as its reliable.

  8. Supporting evidence Nagle Conducted another study in 1975, US Olympic wrestling teams were profiled using the POMS, Results were concurrent to that of Morgan's, meaning that he found psychological tests could predict athlete performance even in a team of already very successful individuals. Successful athletes scored higher in vigour and lower in tension depression anger fatigue and confusion than unsuccessful athletes the profile for a successful athlete is called an iceberg profile. This study has been repeated and produced similar results  ”Having been recently identified as the most important factor in reaching optimal functioning” NiycPidgeon Sept 4 2013 This is a quote from a fairly recent article which suggest that time hasn’t effected the conclusions drawn by Morgan which means his study has had good temporal validity

  9. Exam Question • Outline research which considers mood states in relation to sport and exercise [10 marks] (see handout) Include: • Intro - background info • Theory – Mental Health Model (main details of study) • real life application/supporting evidence/relate back to question

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