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Year 11. Revision. How should I revise?. Know what you need to revise; Split the units in different sections (eg. Landforms / processes / management) Understand and know how to define the key terms Have detail in your knowledge of case studies
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Year 11 Revision
How should I revise? • Know what you need to revise; • Split the units in different sections (eg. Landforms / processes / management) • Understand and know how to define the key terms • Have detail in your knowledge of case studies • Tackle questions – practice marking each other’s responses. Use pages 202-204 from textbook
Key terms Megacity Urbanisation Urban sprawl Suburbs Floodplain Dereliction Mixed use Redevelopment Commuters Integrated transport system Biofuel Slums Brownfield / greenfield Carbon zero Urban regeneration Eco-homes / towns Urban heat island Unit 1
Living in an urban world Hazards in urban areas Regeneration and redevelopment Urban issues in LEDCs Sustainable urban development
Living in an ever increasingly urban world • What are the global patterns? • What is the link between urbanisation and economic growth? • Which countries are driving this move to an increasingly urban world?
What are the problems resulting from living in an urban world? • Key case study = China • 2008 – 16/20 most polluted cities were found in china. Especially chongqing – see notes re. number of high rise buildings. • A landfill opened in 2003 already is filled with more than a million tonnes of rubbish. • World Health Org. says that lack of safe water and proper sanitation accounts for 12% child deaths in developing countries.
Natural hazards in urban areas • Los Angeles – why is it known as a multi hazard city? • Why are towns / cities vulnerable to flooding? • What is the Thames region flood management plan? 1) Planning – reduce building on floodplains 2) Increase river corridors / open space (sustainable approach) 3) Use existing floodplains better 4) Flood defences
WHO – a child living in one suburb in Glasgow can expect to live 28 years less than a child born 13km away. How can deprives areas be improved? Measuring problems in area Improving housing Building community spirit. Examples Watcombe – Devon. A poor housing estate has had central heating upgraded, ventilation, insulation installed. Health and well-being improved. Hackney – better street lighting, green space, community centres built, low level flats Medcs – reducing deprivation and improving quality of life
Part of a bigger regeneration project - birmingham • The Mailbox – shopping centre • £550 million for New Street station • £35 million development of city hospital • Bullring shopping centre – 35 million visitors a year • Mixed use development
80% journeys made by car Congestion – ¼ all roads in UK are congested every day Pollution Business costs - £24 billion loss to business every year. Curitiba – Know the methods implemented. Results? 1.3 million passengers every day 80% of all commuters use buses 30 million fewer car trips a year Cleaner environment Cambridge guided busway (CGB) Plus points Links villages to city Reduces need for cars Fast service in Cambridge – 10 mins Re-using old train line – less land required Wi-fi Negatives Is it open yet? Cost = £116 million Engineering problems Managing movement – integrated transport system.
By 2030 1 in 3 people will be living in slums Africa has fastest growth – kibera Asia has greatest number = 600 million Challenges = providing adequate housing and services for urban poor Mumbai Population 15 million Half of population live in slums – pavement dwellers. Dharavi. Nairobi – capital of Kenya. 60% live in slums. Disease rife, crime, lack of safety. Coping with growth in cities in LEDCs BUT! How can urban growth create opportunities for development? Step to better life / Water / education health more accessible / jobs
Schemes to get people out of slums • COHAB – Curitiba housing programme • ‘homes not shelters’ • Self help schemes • NGOs – wateraid, oxfam, clintonfoundation • Rubbish collection in Dar es Salaam
Sustainable living • Energy, waste, transport, environment, homes, work. All factors to be considered to meet sustainable goal. • Examples: • Greenhouse development – Leeds former industrial building now carbon zero development. (mixed use) • Bedzed – Sutton (south london) • China – Chongming island
Ecotowns • Use an example to know what the development is like; where / how • What are the arguments surrounding their development? • NIMBYISM
Exam practice • Why are urban populations in LEDCs growing rapidly? (4) • Describe the environmental problems caused by urban growth. Use an example. (6 marks) • Describe the problems that natural hazards cause in urban areas. (6) • Explain how the effects of natural hazards in urban areas can be reduced. (6) • Explain how urban redevelopment projects can improve socio-economic conditions and environmental conditions. (8)