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Challenges of Transitioning to Slower & Lighter Aircraft

This seminar sponsored by Sport Aviation Expo aims to help pilots transition to Light Sport Aircraft by understanding different categories, computing wing loading and kinetic energy, and following recommended training flowcharts. Participants will be ready to complete a rigorous transition training program.

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Challenges of Transitioning to Slower & Lighter Aircraft

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  1. The Challenges of Transitioning from Faster & Heavier (to Slower & Lighter) Prof. H. Paul Shuch, Ph.D., CFII LSRM-A/GL/WSC/PPC, iRMT Heavy Chief Flight Instructor, Director of Maintenance AvSport of Lock Haven FAA Safety Team Lead Representative, Piper Memorial Airport, Lock Haven PA

  2. This WINGS Seminar Sponsored by: Sport Aviation Expo Sebring Regional Airport AvSport of Lock Haven Your FAA Safety Team

  3. OBJECTIVES:Upon successful completion of this seminar, you will: Identify the different Light Sport categories and classes Be able to compute wing loading and kinetic energy Understand how these factors affect aircraft performance Know how they apply to Light Sport Aircraft in particular Recognize the importance of LSA transition training Follow the FAA’s recommended transition training flowchart Evaluate a structured transition training curriculum Be ready and eager to complete a rigorous transition training program before stepping up to Light Sport

  4. Getting to know you…

  5. Which of the following are you?(choose one that bestdescribes you) • Student Pilot • Sport Pilot • Private Pilot • Commercial Pilot • Airline Transport Pilot • Future Pilot

  6. THE LIGHT SPORT RULE: became effective 1 Sept 2004 19 pages of fine print legalese amends the following FARs: Part 1 Part 21 Part 43 Part 45 Part 61 Part 65 Part 91

  7. THE LIGHT SPORT RULE: Created new: Aircraft Categories Pilot Certificates Instructor Certificates Mechanic Certificates Designated Examiners Pilot Endorsements FAA Bureaucracy

  8. S-LSA (Special Light Sport Aircraft)

  9. E-LSA (Experimental Light Sport Aircraft)

  10. Exp-AB (Experimental Amateur Built)

  11. LSA Airworthiness CertificatesCumulative fleet size

  12. FAR Part 103 Ultralight

  13. SPEA (Sport Pilot Eligible Aircraft) With thanks to EAA’s Ron Wagner

  14. Category: Class: • Airplane • Weight Shift Control • Powered Parachute • Lighter than Air • Glider • Gyroplane S-LSA E-LSA Exp-AB SPEA

  15. Time for a Quiz!

  16. Which Was the First LSA? • Evektor SportStar • Chotia Weedhopper • Van’s RV-12 • Piper J-3 Cub • Something else

  17. The First LSA?

  18. A GOOD REASON TO TRANSITION?

  19. A GOOD REASON TO TRANSITION? No FAA Medical Is Required! (but your medical certificate must not have been denied, withdrawn, or suspended)

  20. Another Quiz

  21. Which is Easier to Fly? or ?

  22. They differ in: • Wing Loading • Kinetic Energy

  23. Wing Loading WL = weight / area (this is how the lifting force is distributed)

  24. Wing Loading Max Gross = 250 kg (550#) 600 kg (1320#) 1660 kg (3650#) Wing Area = 168 sq ft 106.9 sq ft 177.6 sq ft WL = 3.3 #/sq ft 12.0 #/sq ft 20.5 #/sq ft

  25. Kinetic Energy 2 KE = ½ mV (This much energy needs to be generated for liftoff, and dissipated in landing.)

  26. Kinetic Energy Max Gross = 250 kg 600 kg 1660 kg Vso = 8.7 m/s 23.1 m/s 27.3 m/s KE = 9.6 kJ 161 kJ 617 kJ

  27. LSA Accident History TotalFatal% S-LSA 155 47 30 E-LSA & E-AB 87 47 54 All LSA 242 94 39 Unregistered Ultralight 67 27 40 (NTSB database, 2005 – 2012)

  28. And speaking of stall speed…

  29. Increasing gross weightraises KE (three ways!)

  30. Kinetic Energy 2 KE = ½ mV

  31. There can be many differences!What might they be? Stall Characteristics Handling Characteristics Stability Controllability Maneuverability Engines Systems Switches Panel Layout / Avionics

  32. Risk Factors Lack of experience in type is a major factor in LSA accidents. How much experience do you have? In Type?? How much do you need?

  33. First to require five hours of transition training before they will insure you in an LSA.

  34. "Accident data have shown that there is as much risk in 'moving down' in performance as 'moving up'.For example, consider a pilot who has substantial experience in high performance corporate, airline, or military airplanes. The knowledge and skills used to safely fly at high speed, high altitudes, and over long flights will, by themselves, not prepare the pilot for the challenges of a low-inertia, high-drag airplane."

  35. Transition Training Flowchart

  36. Take a guess!

  37. What Should Be In the Curriculum? Systems Procedures Performance Limitations Maintenance All of the Above

  38. AvSport’s3-day Pilot Downsizer LSA Transition Module 5 hours of dual flight instruction 4 hours of individualized ground instruction Comprehensive written exam AvSport's LSA Training CD, with manuals, checklists, and custom PowerPoint flight briefings

  39. PrerequisitesTo enroll in the AvSport LSA Transition Module, you must: possess a valid US pilot's license, Private or higher be healthy enough to drive possess a valid US driver's license, and abide by its limitations, if any have not withdrawn or been denied your most recent FAA Medical Certificate application, or had your FAA medical revoked or rescinded (but you need not have a current medical!)

  40. Curriculum – Day 1: Aircraft preflight inspection (ground - 1 hour) Basic airmanship (flight - 1 hour) Sport Pilot limitations, rules, and regulations (ground - 1 hour)

  41. Curriculum – Day 2: Slow flight and stalls (flight - 1 hour) LSA Weight and Balance (ground - 1 hour) Takeoffs and landings (flight - 1 hour)

  42. Curriculum – Day 3: LSA emergency procedures (flight - 1 hour) LSA documents and regulations (ground - 1 hour) Cross-country operations (flight - 1 hour) Final Examination (ground - time as required)

  43. Wings EligibilityAs anofficial FAA Safety Team Training Provider, AvSport has designed this course to include recurrency training in the following areas of emphasis, satisfying an entire phase of FAASTeam Wings at the basic level: K1 - Aeronautical Decision Making K2 - Performance and Limitations K3 - Pre-flight Planning, Risk Management, Fuel Management F1 - Takeoffs and Landings F2 - Positive Aircraft Control F3 - Basic Flying Skills

  44. Completion StandardsUpon successful completion of this training module, you will: become comfortable with the unique flight characteristics of lightly loaded wings have demonstrated familiarization with the Sport Pilot and Light Sport Aircraft rules be authorized to operate Light Sport Aircraft as Pilot In Command be permitted to exercise all Sport Pilot privileges be fully qualified to rent and operate AvSport's Light Sport Aircraft have satisfied all FAA requirements for a Flight Review be grandfathered for Sport Pilot Class B, C, and D airspace access, if you have previously acted as PIC in such airspace

  45. One last quiz!

  46. What’s the Most Dangerous Part of Flying? Taxiing Takeoff Enroute Approach Landing Something Else

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