1 / 20

“No bourgeois, no democracy” (???)

“No bourgeois, no democracy” (???). GOVT S-1113 Meeting 2: Does Democracy Demand Prerequisites? . DAHL. Two theoretical dimensions of democratization: --Liberalization --Inclusiveness. Dahl (cont’d). AXIOMS:

dale
Download Presentation

“No bourgeois, no democracy” (???)

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. “No bourgeois, no democracy” (???) GOVT S-1113 Meeting 2: Does Democracy Demand Prerequisites?

  2. DAHL Two theoretical dimensions of democratization: --Liberalization --Inclusiveness

  3. Dahl (cont’d) AXIOMS: #1 The likelihood that a government will tolerate an opposition increases as the expected costs of toleration decrease #2 The likelihood that a government will tolerate an opposition increases as the expected costs of suppression increase #3 The more the costs of suppression exceed the costs of toleration, the greater the chance for a competitive regime

  4. DAHL (con’t II) Liberalization before inclusiveness Inclusiveness precedes liberalization Shortcut: both occur together

  5. DAHL (cont’d III) Inauguration of politically competitive regimes: In an independent state: evolution or revolution In a previously dependent state: revolution or national struggle

  6. DAHL (cont’d IV) So what matters successively? • Type of prior regime and relations w/society • Manner of transition • Subsequent follow-through

  7. MOORE Three routes to modernity (all bloody, alas): 1. Bourgeois revolution 2. Reactionary (fascist) 3. Communist

  8. Moore (cont’d) Differences in starting points (both structural and temporal) matter! Factors favorable to democracy: 1. Independent nobility 2. Growing urban bourgeoisie

  9. MOORE (cont’d II) It’s all about agriculture! Models of changing socio-economic relations: 1. English commercial farming 2. French turnover soil to peasants 3. East German/Russian manorial reaction

  10. MOORE (cont’d III) Relations of landed classes with town dwellers: • Antagonistic 2. Exclusionary (elites versus workers/peasants) 3. Fusion in opposition to royal absolutism

  11. LIPSET “Necessary” vs. “sufficient” Probabilistic rather than deterministic

  12. LIPSET (cont’d) Key Factors: 1. Economic development a. Industrialization b. Urbanization 2. Education IN OTHER WORDS: MODERNIZATION!

  13. LIPSET (cont’d II) BUT democratic stability also requires: 1. Effectiveness 2. Legitimacy 3. Cross-cutting cleavages

  14. RUSTOW Previous models (he’s writing in 1970) stress: • Structural factors • Ideational factors • Affiliational-societal (broadly defined) BUT THERE IS A PROBLEM WITH THESE! (“functional” versus “genetic” explanation)

  15. RUSTOW (cont’d) 1. Democratization may be caused by factors different than those that keep a democracy stable 2. Correlation does not equal causation 3. Causal chains not unidirectional from socio-economic to political factors 4. Not all causal links run from beliefs and attitudes to actions 5. There may be multiple paths to democracy 6. Temporal sequencing may matter a lot 7. Social uniformity not required/elite-mass differences may exist

  16. RUSTOW (cont’d II) ONE key background condition STAGES (sequence matters): 1. Preparatory phase 2. Decision phase 3. Habituation phase

  17. ALMOND & VERBA • Diffusion on physical goods and mode of production relatively easy • Diffusion of political character is not • Involves changing deep-seated norms and attitudes • Often conflicts with technocratic impulse to “catch up.” WHAT IS “CIVIC CULTURE”?

  18. HUNTINGTON A Theory of Waves: • First “long” wave (c. 1820-1926) and reversal • Second post-WWII/decolonization wave (c. 1945-1962) and reversal • Third global wave (1974-???) and reversal

  19. HUNTINGTON (cont’d) Catalysts for the Third Wave: • Authoritarian legitimacy problems • Post-WWII global economic growth • Vatican II • Changes in foreign policy of major powers • “Snowballing” (also called “demonstration” or “domino” effects)

  20. HUNTINGTON (cont’d II) Obstacles to democratization: 1. Polticial/experiental 2. Cultural/civilizational 3. Economic/performance

More Related