By: Nigel Ong 1A1 Leong Xue Hao 1P1 Ong Yinn Jaye 1O1

1. Greek Gods By: Nigel Ong 1A1 Leong Xue Hao 1P1 Ong Yinn Jaye 1O1

2. The Objective Aim: • to remove stereotypes of Greek gods perpetuated by media (e.g. movies/comic strips) by providing the literary perspective • to develop interdisciplinary resource package for sec …. Students so that teaching can be less compartmentalised - history-literature - literature-art .

3. Target Audience • Our target audience will be mainly focused on the students between 11-14 years old. Consider: Will be: HCI students teachers

4. Survey On which Greek God people know most:

5. The survey was conducted on 50 people from various walks of life. Most of the people knew who Hercules was as many watched the movie Hercules by Walt Disney. When asked if they knew any more about Zeus, most would say he was the King of the gods and about Hercules, they would say a very strong man. This survey shows that the number of people who know in depth about Greek Gods is very little. Also, when we asked students about Greek Gods, they would sigh and are not interested in these myths. Thus, we have decided to come up with a package to help tie in with other various subjects such as literature and geography to make learning more fun and less boring and interdisciplinary.

6. Potential of our Project • This purpose of this presentation is to avoid students from having a wrong opinion on the different Greek Gods as the movies often portray them.

7. Timeline 12 Feb- Formed the group 26Feb- Found the mentor 1 Mar- Decided on the topic of Rome 3 March- Mentor said Topic was too broad Decided on Greek Gods 5 March - Started on the presentation 21 March- Edited and organised the slides

8. Literature Review • The Greeks were polytheistic in their religious beliefs. Polytheistic means they believed in and worshiped many different gods. In Greek mythology, the gods often represented different forms of nature, elements, instruments etc. Their religion/mythology had no formal structure. There was no sacred book or code of conduct to live by. The most powerful Greek gods were known as the Olympians. The Greeks believed the Olympians lived on the highest mountain in Greece, Mount Olympus. • In our opinion, the Greeks should have worshipped and believed in 1 God only. Just like in Christaniaty. However, we will not go into the sensitive topic of Religion. The Greeks put their Gods into different categories, mainly the olympians and the titans. The Titans preceeded the Olympians. There was a huge war between the Titans and the Olympians who were younger. They fought for 10 years and a God suggested Zues to free the Cyclops from the Tarturas, the worst place in the underworld. Zues and his brothers managed to free him and he granted them powers. The 3 brothers, Zeus, Hades and Poseidon drew lots for the different powers that they will get. Zeus got the power of lightning and got the sky, Poseidon got the sea and a trident and the scale of the battle and the Olympians won by killing Kronus and they banished the titans that fought against them to the Tarturas. • After that, the Olympians lived in Hades got control of the underworld. Thus their new powers tipped Mount Olympus and ruled the heavens.

9. Limitations • May have trouble meeting up regularly as we are from different consortiums so we have different activities at different timeslots • Some group members do not want to contribute and prefer to slack

10. Roles of members • Nigel Ong- Leader: -Presentations -Information -Collaborations • Leong Xue Hao -: • Information provider • Create webpage Yinn Jaye- Recorder: • Record information and take down ideas

11. Our reflections #1 • This project may not be very good, but it has definitely helped me to understand the importance of teamwork.Through the process of this project, we had faced many difficulties and obstacles and had to find solutions to them. For instance, it was relatively hard to meet up regularly to discuss our project. As a result, we had to compromise and make time for it.I feel that Project's Day is an important event that can train us to be more independent and let us learn to work with others. As this our first time having a Project's Day, we would face many setbacks and would still need some time to adapt. Nevertheless, we will continue to work on this area and try to achieve better results next year. Xue Hao

12. Our reflections #2 As this our first time, we have face many setbacks such as time management and will still need some time to adapt. Nevertheless, we will continue to work on this area and try to achieve better results next year. I feel that Project’s competition is an important event that will help us develop certain skills in life has helped us become more independent and learn to socialise with others. It has definitely helped me to work well with others and helped me to understand the need for teamwork. Yinn Jaye

13. Our Reflection #3 The journey that we have taken during this first phase of the project was fulfilling and enjoyable. It has been a tough journey for all our group members, mentors and other supporting casts behind the scenes. This project may not be good but our intentions are to help the students more in learning. Eventhough we may not do well in our project, but it has already been a great way in building our project. I have learnt to work well together in a team and how to deal with slackers. We had faced many difficulties in meeting up with each other and our mentor. In the end, it all worked out for us. Project’s day in Hwa Chong is a very good opportunity for the students to learn many skills that they can apply in the future when they step into the society. Project’s day trains us to be independent and develop skills like teamwork and giving and taking. It is our first time doing a project work that would be graded as a competition as the other projects I have done in primary school were just excuses to break from the normal curriculum, Hwa Chong’s project’s day has definitely enriched me! Nigel

14. Greek Gods The Greeks were polytheistic in their religious beliefs. Polytheistic means they believed in and worshiped many different gods. In Greek mythology, the gods often represented different forms of nature, elements, instruments etc. Their religion/mythology had no formal structure. There was no sacred book or code of conduct to live by. The most powerful Greek gods were known as the Olympians. The Greeks believed the Olympians lived on the highest mountain in Greece, Mount Olympus. The Olympian gods included: Zeus, Hera, Apollo, Aphrodite, Ares, Artemis, Athena, Demeter, Hades, Hermes, Hephaestus, Poseidon. They will be the Gods that we will be talking about more in our presentation.

15. Since the Greeks had many Gods and not only worships one God, they split their Gods into different categories. The most important Gods were the Olympians. As everyone knows, the most powerful and famous Olympian was Zues. Another group of important Gods were the Titans. The Titans were a group of 12 Gods. There were 6 males Titans that were known as the Titanes, and the females as the Titanides . The Titans were associated with various primal concepts, some of which are simply extrapolated from their names eg: Natural law. The twelve first-generation Titans were ruled by the youngest, Cronus ,who overthrew their father, Ouranos ,at the urgings of their mother, Gaia. Several Titans produced offspring who are also known as "Titans." These second-generation Titans include the children of Hyperion (Helios, Eos, and Selene), the daughters of Coeus (Leto and Asteria), and the sons of Lapetues (Prometheus, Epimetheus, Atlas, and Menoetius).

16. Zeus and his Siblings KRONOS Rhea Poseidon Hades Hera Zeus Demeter Hestia

17. Zeus • Zeus • (King of the gods) • Roman name: JupiterParents: Cronos and RheaBrothers: Hades, PoseidonSisters: Hestia, Demeter, Hera • Symbols:Thunderbolt, Bull , Eagle , Oak   • King of the gods. • Ruler of the heavens where he controlled the weather and the skies. The Olympians

18. He created thunder and could hurl lightning bolts at those who angered him. The thunderbolts were given to Zeus by a Cyclops to help aid him in his war against the Titans.

19. Athena • Roman Name: MinervaParents: Zeus and Metis • Goddess of wisdom, war, arts, industry, justice and skill. • Unusual birth • Was swallowed by Zeus along with Metis ( her mother)before she was born as he was warned by Gaia that following Athena’s birth, she would overthrow him. • During her birth, Zeus was in great pain and order Hephaetus to use his axe to relieve the pressure. • Zeus was able to stop the legacy of the children overthrowing the parents as he and his father had.

20. Athena was the patron god of Athens, which became the center for learning in Ancient Greece. • Athens is her city. The olive tree, created by her, is her tree, while the owl, is the birth consecrated to her.  • Athena was Zeus’s favourite child

21. Poseidon Roman name: Neptune Parents: Cronos and RheaBrothers: Zeus, HadesSisters: Hera, Demeter, Hestia Symbols: Trident God of the Sea, Earthquakes and Horses

22. Gained control of the sea by drawing lots with Zeus and Hades. • Controlled lakes and freshwater springs. • Poseidon challenged other gods and goddesses to become the patron god of certain cities. For example, Poseidon challenged Athena, Zeus’s daughter, for the city of Athens. Poseidon offered a spring of seawater to the people, while Athena offered olive trees..

23. Hades • Roman name: PlutoParents: Cronos and RheaBrothers: Zeus and PoseidonSisters: Hestia, Hera, Demeter • Lord of the underworld. • One of the original six Olympians, but was later excluded from the group of twelve Olympians because he stayed in the underworld for the majority of his time. • Ruler of the dead. This was not necessarily looked upon as evil as is often portrayed in modern times. In the Greek belief system, all people good or evil went into the underworld where there were distinct parts to the realm. Hades had complete control of the underworld. Even Zeus would not challenge his power in this realm.

24. Hera • Roman name: JunoParents: Cronos and RheaBrothers: Zeus, Poseidon, HadesSisters: Demeter and Hestia • Queen of the heavens, Goddess of marriage, childbirth and women • Hera is by far one of the most feared Gods and Goddess by both women and men. She is selfish, cunning and jealous. • Said to be a beauty even surpassing the goddess of beauty, Aphrodite, in terms of beauty.

25. Queen of heaven and married to Zeus. She was Zeus 3rd marriage, after Methis and Themis. • Though she was the protector of marriage, she had little success in limiting Zeus’s affairs. She is often portrayed as an angry and jealous wife of Zeus and his many lovers. • Hera seemed to direct her anger at Zeus’s lovers, instead of Zeus.

26. Demeter • Roman name: CeresParents: Cronos and RheaBrothers: Hades, Poseidon, ZeusSisters: Hestia, Hera • Goddess of grain, agriculture, fertility • One of the original six Olympians, the daughters and sons of Cronos and Rhea. • Did not spend all her time on Mount. Olympus, but instead wandered the fields in her role as the goddess of grain and harvest.

27. Very popular goddess in Greece. The harvest was very central to the early Greeks, who held her in high esteem. She was portrayed as being kind and generous. This view came from the need for her to give her blessing of fertility on the earth for all to benefit. • Kind and generous, but she could be very hard when crossed.

28. Hestia • Parents: Cronus and Rhea • Siblings: Poseidon, Hades, Demeter, Hera, Zeus, Chiron. • One of the seventeenth Great Goddesses of the first Olympian generation: Hestia, Demeter and Hera. • Described as both the oldest and youngest of the three daughters of Rhea and Cronus, the sisters to three brothers Zeus, Poseidon, and Hades. Originally listed as one of the Twelve Olympians, Hestia gave up her seat in favour of newcomer Dionysus to tend to the sacred fire on Mt. Olympus.

29. Poseidon, and Apollo of the younger generation each aspired to court Hestia, but the goddess was unmoved by Aphrodite's works and swore on the head of Zeus to retain her virginity. • Immediately the Olympians birth, Kronus swallowed Hestia and her siblings except for the last and youngest, Zeus, who later rescued them and led them in a war against Kronus and the other Titans. Hestia, the eldest daughter became their youngest child, since she was the first to be devoured by their father and the last to be rescued out of Kronus.

30. Zeus off springs Zeus Leto Apollo Artemis

31. Apollo • Roman name: ApolloParents: Zeus and LetoTwin Sister: Artemis • Normally shown as a very strong, extremely handsome young man. • Well liked among the gods and humans alike. The town of Delphi became the center of Apollo’s worship. The temple at Delphi contained a prophet who predict the future and was a symbol of manly beauty. • Famous for his musical abilities. He was credited with inventing the lyre.

32. Son of Zeus, but was not always on good terms with him. Hera once tried to conspire against Zeus. Apollo and the other Olympians went along with the conspiracy. Zeus prevailed and punished both Apollo and Poseidon by forcing them to slave as mortals on Troy’s walls for a year. Another time, Apollo was forced to be a herdsman when he killed the Cyclopes in retaliation for Zeus killing his son Aselepius. Here are some fun facts: • Both him and Titan Helios are the Sun Gods. • Mortal medical healer who could bring the dead back to life

33. Artemis • Roman Name: DianaParents: Zeus and LetoTwin Brother: Apollo • Goddess of forests and hills, child birth, virginity and fertility • Twin sister of Apollo. The story was told that Leto, while pregnant with her twins, was continually on the run from Hera. She could not find any city that would take her in, because they feared the wrath of Hera. Finally, she was allowed to stay with her sister on one of the Greek islands. There Leto gave birth first to Artemis, who after getting out of the womb, assisted in the delivery of her twin Apollo. From this event Artemis became known as the goddess of childbirth.

34. Pictured with a bow and arrows and often in the woods. In the Trojan War, recounted by Homer in the Illiad, he was on the side of the Trojans. • Not a goddess to be trifled with. Once the queen of Niobe, bragged she was better than Leto because she had seven sons and seven daughters, where Leto only had two. Both Apollo and Artemis took offense to this, and Apollo killed all the sons while Artemis killed all the daughters.

35. Not only the goddess of the hunt, but also the protector of wild animals. Though the two do not seem to mesh, in the minds of the Greeks they do. When she hunted, her kills were quick and painless. By regulating the population of wild animals, she kept them from starvation and plagues that would strike large, overpopulated animal herds.

36. Zeus off springs • Zeus Hera Eileithyia Ares Hebe Enyo Hephaestus

37. Ares • Roman name: MarsParents Zeus and HeraSiblings: Hephaestus, Hebe, Eileithyia • God of war. Known for his thirst for battle and blood. Athena was a goddess of war, but preferred peace if possible. She would support war when it was over issues of justice. • Ares was not concerned with justice. He loved the thrill of battle. • He lived among the people of Thrace, who were known for their constant wars and battles between tribes.

38. Even though he was strong and a great warrior, Ares lacked cunning, strategy, and moral decency. • In several battles, Ares was forced off the battlefields by humans who wanted to make peace. He was not well liked either by humans or by the gods. • Even his mother and father disliked him. Ares had an affair with Aphrodite, who was his brother, Hephaestus ‘, wife.

39. Hephaestus • Roman name: VulcanParent: Hera • God of forge and fire • According to Greek legend, Hera produced Hephaestus on her own after Zeus produced Athena without her help. • Hephaestus did not turn out as well as Athena did. The results, unlike Athena, were not as good. Hephaestus was ugly, and he had a deformed foot. • So hideous that his mother threw him off of Mount Olympus. He wandered the earth and developed a forge near an active volcano.

40. In anger and revenge for his mother for abandoning him, he built a throne that had a surprise built into it for his mother. When she sat down on the throne, it trapped her. • None of the other gods could figure out how to release her and Hephaestus would not give them the secret. After they tried to get him drunk and some other schemes, Dionysus finally won Hephaestus’s trust, and he gave up the key to release his mother.

41. Hephaestus was also known for his skill in metalworking. He produced special armor for the gods. For example, he made the famous shield of Achilles. • In time he was accepted by the rest of the gods and goddesses on Mount Olympia and he returned to Olympia. • He married the beautiful, but unfaithful, Aphrodite.

42. Hebe • In Greek mythology, Hebe is the goddess of youth. • Daughter of Zeus and Hera. • Cupbearer for the gods and goddesses of Mount Olympus, serving their nectar and ambrosia, until she was married to Heracles . • Her successor was the young Trojan prince Ganymede • She also drew baths for Ares and helped Hera enter her chariot.

43. Enyo • Ancient goddess of war, acting as a counterpart and companion to the war god Ares. • As goddess of war, she was responsible for orchestrating the destruction of cities, often accompanying Ares into battle, and depicted "as supreme in war" . • During the fall of Troy, she inflicted horror and bloodshed in the war, along with Eris, and Phobos ("Fear") and Deimos ("Dread"), the two sons of Ares.

44. Eileithyia • Was the Cretan goddess whom Greek mythology adapted as the goddess of childbirth and midwifery. • She is the daughter of Zeus and Hera. • She is often associated to Artemis and Hera .

45. Zeus off springs • Zeus Dione Hermes Aphrodite

46. Aphrodite • Roman name: VenusParents: Zeus and DioneGoddess of love and beauty • Two versions of Aphrodite’s birth. • The first version suggested that Aphrodite was created from the foam of the sea when Cronus cut off Uranus’s genitals. Homer, in his poems, suggested that Aphrodite came from the union of Zeus and Dione. Aphrodite was married to Hephaestus, the deformed god of fire.

47. Aphrodite had a son named Eros. He has been depicted as a little child with a bow and magical arrows ( your typical valentine’s symbol ). Being shot with one of his arrows caused a person to fall in love. • Despite being married, Aphrodite was not happy with her husband, thus she looked other places for affections and started to have many affairs with both Gods and mortal men. • Aphrodite was also famous for her contest with Hera and Athena for the title of “The Fairest.” All three bribed the judge of the contest, Paris of Troy Athena offered Paris victory in war and Aphrodite was the winner by offering him the most beautiful woman in the world, Helen.

48. Hermes • Roman name: MercuryParents: Zeus and Maia (daughter of the Titan Atlas) • Messenger of the Gods, God of motion, travelers, commerce, thieves, sheep • One of the more well-known and more popular God. Most probably is because he shows up in more myths than any other god or goddess. Example : He showed the way for the dead souls to Hade's hellish realm.

49. According to stories about him, Hermes started his life in mischief. When he was only one day old, he sneaked out of his cave home. He saw a turtle and decided to kill it and use it’s shell to create a lyre. Then he went searching the countryside and ran across fifty of Apollo’s prized cattle. He stole and hid the cattle and using his cleverness, he disguised the hiding place. • Apollo searched for the cattle and accused Hermes of stealing them. Hermes pretended to be innocent and was brought before Zeus, who saw through the lies. Hermes gave back the cattle and then began to play his lyre. Apollo was so enchanted with the new instrument that he traded the cattle for the lyre.

50. Zeus gave Hermes a pair of golden winged sandals and appointed him to be the messenger of the gods. In exchange for the honor, Hermes committed not to lie to Zeus. He was put in charge of many different tasks. For example, he led the dead to the River Styx. He was also the one who returned Persephone from the underworld.