Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs OASD

1. 8/18/2012 1 Welcome to the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs. Welcome to the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs.

2. AGENDA - Statutory Basis - Control of the RC - ASD/RA Intent - RC Characteristics - DoD Support - RC Future - Questions 8/18/2012 2 It is my pleasure to have this time with you today to talk about our Reserve Forces. I will begin with a brief overview by orienting you to the 7 Reserve Force organizations by highlighting some general information about each. Then, I will walk you through what our Reserve Forces are doing and where they are doing it. I will close with a quick note about Employer Support. When you see how busy our Reserve Component service members are you will clearly understand why we are so grateful to their families and their employers. Without the unwavering support of both, our nation’s military capability would be greatly diminished. It is my pleasure to have this time with you today to talk about our Reserve Forces. I will begin with a brief overview by orienting you to the 7 Reserve Force organizations by highlighting some general information about each. Then, I will walk you through what our Reserve Forces are doing and where they are doing it. I will close with a quick note about Employer Support. When you see how busy our Reserve Component service members are you will clearly understand why we are so grateful to their families and their employers. Without the unwavering support of both, our nation’s military capability would be greatly diminished.

3. Statutory Basis 8/18/2012 3 The United States Reserve Components complement our military strategy by adding cost effective flexibility. With 1.1 million service members in seven components, they comprise approximately 45% of our nation’s total military force. The Reserve Components have an operating budget of about $32 billion dollars a year with over $7.7 billion in procurement. They also have over $144 billion dollars in equipment located in nearly 5,000 cities across the United States. Integrated into our total military force, the part-time nature of their duties requires special laws, regulations, and policies. Because of the special dual role they play as both professional military personnel and responsible civilian citizens in their communities, Reserve Component personnel are a vital link between the military and America's citizenry. Each Reserve Component contributes to the Total Force in different ways, spanning the spectrum from dedicated peacetime and wartime roles allocated to Reserve Component Forces to contributory support working alongside their Active Service counterparts. The United States Reserve Components complement our military strategy by adding cost effective flexibility. With 1.1 million service members in seven components, they comprise approximately 45% of our nation’s total military force. The Reserve Components have an operating budget of about $32 billion dollars a year with over $7.7 billion in procurement. They also have over $144 billion dollars in equipment located in nearly 5,000 cities across the United States. Integrated into our total military force, the part-time nature of their duties requires special laws, regulations, and policies. Because of the special dual role they play as both professional military personnel and responsible civilian citizens in their communities, Reserve Component personnel are a vital link between the military and America's citizenry. Each Reserve Component contributes to the Total Force in different ways, spanning the spectrum from dedicated peacetime and wartime roles allocated to Reserve Component Forces to contributory support working alongside their Active Service counterparts.

4. 4 This is our chain of command. Our office works under the USD/P&R.This is our chain of command. Our office works under the USD/P&R.

5. Control of the Reserve Components 8/18/2012 5 This chart depicts the relationship between OSD, the Service Secretaries, the Chiefs of the Services, and their respective Reserve components. OASD/RA responsibilities are to advise the SECDEF on RC issues and exercise policy oversight over the National Guard and Reserve. The National Guard and Reserve Chiefs report directly to the Chiefs of Staff of their respective Service. The Reserve Components report directly to the Service Chiefs in their responsibilities to organize, train, man and equip the force. When activated the Reserve units and individuals report to their combatant commander just like the Active force does. The National Guard Bureau (NGB) is a joint staff of the Departments of the Army and of the Air Force. It is the channel of communications between the Departments of Army and Air Force and the States on all matters pertaining to the National Guard. The primary functions of the NGB deal with coordination between the Services and the States on the policy and resourcing of the National Guard in its federal/national security mission. The Directors of the Army and Air National Guard are dual-hatted as Service Staff officers and members of the NGB. This chart depicts the relationship between OSD, the Service Secretaries, the Chiefs of the Services, and their respective Reserve components. OASD/RA responsibilities are to advise the SECDEF on RC issues and exercise policy oversight over the National Guard and Reserve. The National Guard and Reserve Chiefs report directly to the Chiefs of Staff of their respective Service. The Reserve Components report directly to the Service Chiefs in their responsibilities to organize, train, man and equip the force. When activated the Reserve units and individuals report to their combatant commander just like the Active force does. The National Guard Bureau (NGB) is a joint staff of the Departments of the Army and of the Air Force. It is the channel of communications between the Departments of Army and Air Force and the States on all matters pertaining to the National Guard. The primary functions of the NGB deal with coordination between the Services and the States on the policy and resourcing of the National Guard in its federal/national security mission. The Directors of the Army and Air National Guard are dual-hatted as Service Staff officers and members of the NGB.

6. Reserve Affairs will: - Proactively deliver credible advice and information about the capabilities of the reserve components. - Develop the policies and resources necessary to fully exploit those capabilities. Reserve Affairs sets the conditions for a sustainable, seamlessly integrated and complementary total force. 8/18/2012 6 We must tell inside and outside stakeholders what the National Guard and the Reserve have done, what they can do, and what they need to do it. We must tell inside and outside stakeholders what the National Guard and the Reserve have done, what they can do, and what they need to do it.

7. Endstate: Reserve Affairs’ success will be measured by the degree to which we have advanced a culture of mutual appreciation and confidence in both active and reserve components. 8/18/2012 7

8. The Seven Reserve Components 8 There are seven Federal Reserve Components in three military Departments. Without a presidential declaration of national emergency, Federal military forces cannot be directly used for law enforcement. The seventh Reserve Component, the Coast Guard Reserve, although a naval force, belongs to the Department of Homeland Security in time of Peace, just like the Active Coast Guard. Upon declaration of war, or when directed by the President, the Coast Guard reverts to the Department of the Navy. In their Homeland Security role, they can and do participate in law enforcement. The Army and Air National Guard also comprise the organized militias. They are unique in that they have both a Federal and a State mission. In their state status, they can be used to enforce state laws. Within this briefing, the term “Reserves” refers to the National Guard and the Service Reserves, including the Coast Guard Reserve, unless specified otherwise. There are seven Federal Reserve Components in three military Departments. Without a presidential declaration of national emergency, Federal military forces cannot be directly used for law enforcement. The seventh Reserve Component, the Coast Guard Reserve, although a naval force, belongs to the Department of Homeland Security in time of Peace, just like the Active Coast Guard. Upon declaration of war, or when directed by the President, the Coast Guard reverts to the Department of the Navy. In their Homeland Security role, they can and do participate in law enforcement. The Army and Air National Guard also comprise the organized militias. They are unique in that they have both a Federal and a State mission. In their state status, they can be used to enforce state laws. Within this briefing, the term “Reserves” refers to the National Guard and the Service Reserves, including the Coast Guard Reserve, unless specified otherwise.

9. Accessible A ready force of approximately 1.1 million service members, able to execute missions or augment the Active component force on a short notice. 8/18/2012 9

10. Organization of AvailableReserve Component Manpower 8/18/2012 10 This chart shows how the reserve manpower is structured. The Ready Reserve consists of the Selected Reserve and Individual Ready Reserve. The Selected Reserve is comprised of units (companies, battalions, squadrons, brigades, wings, groups and divisions) and individuals designated as essential to contingency or wartime missions. They are paid and train a minimum of 39 days per year. Later in this briefing I will cover the different mobilization authorities that the President can utilize to mobilize Reserve forces. However, I would like to point out that FY 98 legislation has given the President access, by way of a Presidential Reserve Call up, to 30,000 members of The Individual Ready Reserve (IRR) These service members are a mobilization pool of experienced, unpaid individuals. Except for the 30,000 available by PRC, a congressional declaration of war or national emergency is needed to mobilize the remainder of the Individual Ready Reservists. Note: Unit Programs figure includes 66,449 AGR Note: Not included in this chart is the Standby Reserve of 23,016 This chart shows how the reserve manpower is structured. The Ready Reserve consists of the Selected Reserve and Individual Ready Reserve. The Selected Reserve is comprised of units (companies, battalions, squadrons, brigades, wings, groups and divisions) and individuals designated as essential to contingency or wartime missions. They are paid and train a minimum of 39 days per year. Later in this briefing I will cover the different mobilization authorities that the President can utilize to mobilize Reserve forces. However, I would like to point out that FY 98 legislation has given the President access, by way of a Presidential Reserve Call up, to 30,000 members of The Individual Ready Reserve (IRR) These service members are a mobilization pool of experienced, unpaid individuals. Except for the 30,000 available by PRC, a congressional declaration of war or national emergency is needed to mobilize the remainder of the Individual Ready Reservists. Note: Unit Programs figure includes 66,449 AGR Note: Not included in this chart is the Standby Reserve of 23,016

11. Relevant Since September of 2001, more than 800,000 Reserve Component personnel have been activated and 49% of the current members of the Selected Reserve possess recent deployment experience. The RC force is an integral partner with the Active component in defending the interests of the United States. 8/18/2012 11

12. 8/18/2012 12 Welcome to the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs. Welcome to the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs.

13. 8/18/2012 13 Welcome to the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs. Welcome to the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs.

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17. Provides Value The Reserve Components comprise approximately 43% of the Total DOD force. However, the overall cost of maintaining the force in reserve is approx. 9% of the total annual DOD budget. The Reserve Components represent a good value to the U.S. taxpayer. 8/18/2012 17

18. Committed All current members of the Reserve Component have enlisted or re-enlisted since September 11, 2001. Our Reservists and National Guardsmen choose to serve and they understand the responsibility that service carries. 8/18/2012 18

19. Reserve Component Key Points Each RC has different characteristics: Seven components in five branches of the military Differing State and territorial laws shape National Guard peacetime use 8/18/2012 19 The United States Reserve Components complement our military strategy by adding cost effective flexibility. With 1.1 million service members in seven components, they comprise approximately 45% of our nation’s total military force. The Reserve Components have an operating budget of about $32 billion dollars a year with over $7.7 billion in procurement. They also have over $144 billion dollars in equipment located in nearly 5,000 cities across the United States. Integrated into our total military force, the part-time nature of their duties requires special laws, regulations, and policies. Because of the special dual role they play as both professional military personnel and responsible civilian citizens in their communities, Reserve Component personnel are a vital link between the military and America's citizenry. Each Reserve Component contributes to the Total Force in different ways, spanning the spectrum from dedicated peacetime and wartime roles allocated to Reserve Component Forces to contributory support working alongside their Active Service counterparts. The United States Reserve Components complement our military strategy by adding cost effective flexibility. With 1.1 million service members in seven components, they comprise approximately 45% of our nation’s total military force. The Reserve Components have an operating budget of about $32 billion dollars a year with over $7.7 billion in procurement. They also have over $144 billion dollars in equipment located in nearly 5,000 cities across the United States. Integrated into our total military force, the part-time nature of their duties requires special laws, regulations, and policies. Because of the special dual role they play as both professional military personnel and responsible civilian citizens in their communities, Reserve Component personnel are a vital link between the military and America's citizenry. Each Reserve Component contributes to the Total Force in different ways, spanning the spectrum from dedicated peacetime and wartime roles allocated to Reserve Component Forces to contributory support working alongside their Active Service counterparts.

20. Predictability Secretary Gates stands by his 12 month mobilization duration policy: A goal of 1 year mobilized for every 5 years at home. And, in most cases, Reserve Component units are provided with 24 months advance notice prior to mobilization and issued orders to active duty 180 days prior to reporting. The Department strives to keep RC service members and their families informed of unit activations. 8/18/2012 20

21. Quality of Life Support We support the Reserve Component community through initiatives including the Yellow Ribbon Program, Wounded Warrior Care, Employer Support of the Guard & Reserve, TRICARE Reserve Select, and MilitaryOneSource. The Department of Defense cares about the well-being of RC service-members, their families, and their employers. 8/18/2012 21

22. We must institutionalize a flexible framework which provides the means for RC forces to move along the continuum between strategic and operational roles Critical transition mechanisms fall largely in two areas and apply to both operational and strategic aspects of the framework: Resources and Continuum of Service The Guard & Reserve are both a strategic and an operational asset. 8/18/2012 22

23. The operational reserve role will only be sustainable if adequately resourced to meet requirements: - Funding the RC adequately across the framework for training & equipping Operational role requires transparency into DoD RC equipment strategy The sustainment of an appropriate level of RC full-time support DoD must build transition mechanisms and institutionalize a comprehensive RC framework 8/18/2012 23

24. Long standing issues: - Reducing the number of duty and pay statuses Common AC/RC personnel and pay services, by service at least Variable participation options Continuity of family medical care and employer support Lateral entry mechanisms for needed skills DoD must build transition mechanisms and institutionalize a comprehensive RC framework 8/18/2012 24

25. Additional authority to quickly access RC capability during manmade or natural disasters Continue rebalancing the force toward areas critical for irregular challenges Incentivize creation of higher optempo units leveraging volunteers Explore increasing RC contributions in enduring missions where RC forces have comparative advantages Supporting a Comprehensive Total Force Framework 8/18/2012 25

26. The Reserve Component…. 8/18/2012 26 - Sustainable - Seamlessly Integrated - A complementary part of the Total Force It has been our experience that the Reservist must be fully qualified in his or her military skill. That means that there must be clearly established tasks and standards. All of our enlisted Reservists attend the same basic course as the Active soldier. The officers attend the same schools. We also enlist large numbers of former Active component personnel into the Reserve force. They must be equipped with equipment that is compatible with that of the Active force. It does not have to be the newest models but it should allow them to operate effectively with the Active force. They must be assigned specific missions and adequately resourced with the money, personnel, equipment and time to accomplish the mission. They must be exercised. They cannot be a force of last resort. Using them provides them with operational experience as well as mobilization and deployment training. It increases their level of readiness and builds trust and confidence between them and the Active force. The Active component depends upon their availability. Therefore, you need to establish the legal codes and regulations that provide you ready access to the Reserve Components when the nation needs them. I would like to end my presentation with a final comment on the importance of of Total Force Integration. Had we not seriously embraced Total Force Integration as the means to grow Reserve contributions during the Gulf War, the Reserve force response to the September 11, 2001 attacks on our nation would not have been as effective. It has been our experience that the Reservist must be fully qualified in his or her military skill. That means that there must be clearly established tasks and standards. All of our enlisted Reservists attend the same basic course as the Active soldier. The officers attend the same schools. We also enlist large numbers of former Active component personnel into the Reserve force. They must be equipped with equipment that is compatible with that of the Active force. It does not have to be the newest models but it should allow them to operate effectively with the Active force. They must be assigned specific missions and adequately resourced with the money, personnel, equipment and time to accomplish the mission. They must be exercised. They cannot be a force of last resort. Using them provides them with operational experience as well as mobilization and deployment training. It increases their level of readiness and builds trust and confidence between them and the Active force. The Active component depends upon their availability. Therefore, you need to establish the legal codes and regulations that provide you ready access to the Reserve Components when the nation needs them. I would like to end my presentation with a final comment on the importance of of Total Force Integration. Had we not seriously embraced Total Force Integration as the means to grow Reserve contributions during the Gulf War, the Reserve force response to the September 11, 2001 attacks on our nation would not have been as effective.

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