Gerunds & Infinitives

Gerunds & Infinitives Unit 9 Grammar Forms & Functions 3

Gerunds as Subjects & Objects Click on the correct sentence. Incorrect. This is an incomplete sentence. A. Painting my favorite subject. Correct. “Painting” is the subject (gerund – verb + ing). B. Painting is my favorite subject. Correct. Single gerund subjects take a singular verb. A. Scuba diving takes a lot of money. Incorrect. Single gerund subjects take a singular verb. B. Scuba diving take a lot of money. Correct . Gerunds are singular, so don’t add “-s.” A. He stopped cycling. Incorrect. Gerunds are singular, so don’t add “-s.” B. He stopped cyclings. Click to go to next slide.

Gerunds as Subjects & Objects Click on the correct sentence. Correct. Two or more gerunds as subjects create a plural subject and take a plural verb. A. Winning and losing are important lessons to learn. Incorrect. Two or more gerunds as subjects create a plural subject and take a plural verb. B. Winning and losing is important lessons to learn. Incorrect. “Are running” is the present progressive verb (not a gerund). A. They is running in the park. Correct. “Are running” is the present progressive verb (not a gerund). B. They are running in the park. Correct . Need a verb in front of the gerund object. A. Let’s go surfing. Incorrect. Need a verb in front of the gerund object. B. Let’s surfing. Click to go to next slide.

Gerunds as objects of prepositions Click on the correct sentence. Both are correct. You can have a gerund as the object of a preposition. A. She is interested in him. Both are correct. You can have a gerund as the object of a preposition. B. She is interested in seeing him. Incorrect. You can use a gerund in a prepositional phrase, but not a verb (learn). A. I am good at learn languages. Correct. You can use a gerund in a prepositional phrase, but not a verb (learn). B. I am good at learning languages. Incorrect. Present progessive verbs (are looking) require a “be” verb with it. A. They looking forward to seeing us tomorrow. Correct. The verb is simple present, which is fine, and the gerund is in the prepositional phrase. B. They look forward to seeing us tomorrow. Click to go to next slide.

Gerunds after common expressions Click on the correct sentence. Incorrect. After “can’t stand” I could have put the infinitive “to wait,” but not the verb “wait.” A. I can’t stand wait in line. Correct. Often use a gerund after “can’t stand.” B. I can’t stand waiting in line. Correct. Need a gerund usually after the phrase “it’s not worth.” A. It’s not worth worrying about it. Incorrect. Need a gerund usually after the phrase “it’s not worth.” B. It’s not worth worry about it. Correct. Usually put a gerund after the phrase “have difficulty.” A. Ginger has difficulty learning languages. Incorrect. Usually put a gerund after the phrase “have difficulty.” B. Ginger has difficulty learn languages. Click to go to next slide.

Verbs followed by infinitives Click on the correct sentence. A. We agreed to look after their kids. Correct. Need an infinitive (to look) after the verb, not a verb (look). Incorrect. Need an infinitive (to look) after the verb, not a verb (look). B. We agreed look after their kids. Incorrect. Try again. C. Both are correct. A. Everybody want to succeed. Incorrect. “Everybody” takes a singular verb. “To succeed” is the infinitive after the verb. B. Everybody wants to succeed. Correct. “Everybody” takes a singular verb. “To succeed” is the infinitive after the verb. Incorrect. Try again. C. Both are correct. A. They asked her to stay. Correct. Sometimes can have an object after the verb and before the infinitive “to stay.” B. They asked her stay. Incorrect. Sometimes can have an object after the verb and before the infinitive “to stay.” Incorrect. Try again. C. Both are correct. Click to go to next slide.

Verbs followed by gerunds or infinitives Click on the correct sentence. Both are correct. Can use a gerund or infinitive after some verbs. A. It started to snow. B. It started snowing. Both are correct. Can use a gerund or infinitive after some verbs. Correct. See other answers. C. Both are correct. A. The class stopped talking when the teacher entered. Correct. Remember that an infinitive is “to” + base verb. B. The class stopped to talking when the teacher enter. Incorrect. Remember that an infinitive is “to” + base verb. Incorrect. Try again. C. Both are correct. A. I remembered go to the post office. Incorrect. Can use the infinitive “to go” or the gerund “going,” but not the verb “go.” B. I remembered to go to the post office. Correct. Can use the infinitive “to go” or the gerund “going,” but not the verb “go.” Incorrect. Try again. C. Both are correct. Click to go to next slide.

Infinitives after Certain Adjectives, Nouns, & Indefinite Pronouns

Infinitives after Certain Adjectives, Nouns, & Indefinite Pronouns Click on the correct sentence. A. I have some work for James to do. Correct. Need “for” in front of the noun “James.” Incorrect. Need “for” in front of the noun “James.” B. I have some work James to do. Incorrect. Try again. C. Both are correct. A. I’m afraid to visit the dentist. Correct. “To visit” is an infinitive and infinitives often follow the word “afraid.” B. I’m afraid of visit the dentist. Incorrect. “Of visit” is not an infinitive. Could have “afraid of visiting” since “visiting” is a gerund. Incorrect. Try again. C. Both are correct. A. Mike willingly to stop for milk. Incorrect. This sentence is an incomplete sentence. It doesn’t have any verb. B. Mike is willing to stop for milk. Correct. “Willing” is the adjective after the “be” verb and we often use infinitives after “willing.” Incorrect. Try again. C. Both are correct. Click to go to next slide.

Infinitives after Certain Adjectives, Nouns, & Indefinite Pronouns Click on the correct sentence. Incorrect. This sentence is incomplete because it is missing a verb. A. It time to leave. B. It’s time to leave. Correct. The infinitive after the noun means that it is necessary for me to leave now or that I should leave now. Incorrect. Try again. C. Both are correct. A. She was determined to study harder. Correct. We often use an infinitive after “determined.” B. She was determined studying harder. Incorrect. I can use the gerund “studying,” but the sentence is incomplete. “Studying harder” would what? Incorrect. Try again. C. Both are correct. A. I want everyone to go to page 21. Correct. “To go” is the infinitive after the indefinite pronoun “everyone.” B. I want everyone go to page 21. Incorrect. Need an infinitive after “everyone.” Incorrect. Try again. C. Both are correct. Click to go to next slide.

“Too” and “Enough” Followed by Infinitives

“Too” and “Enough” Followed by Infinitives Click on the correct sentence. Incorrect. This sentence is mostly positive. Which is the most negative sentence? A.I am very busy. B. I am too busy to help you. Correct. “Too” means that I can’t help you. Incorrect. Try again. C. Both are correct. Correct. We often use an infinitive after “determined.” A. My computer freezes too much to get any work done. Incorrect. This sentence is missing “to” in front of “get” so it doesn’t have an infinitive. ALSO, “too” should be in front of the adverb “much.” B. My computer freezes much too get any work done. Incorrect. Try again. C. Both are correct. A. She wanted very much to play. Correct. “Very much” explains her strong desire to play. Incorrect. “Too” should be “very” in this sentence. B. She wanted too much to play. C. Both are correct. Correct. See other answers. Click to go to next slide.

“Too” and “Enough” Followed by Infinitives

“Too” and “Enough” Followed by Infinitives Click on the correct sentence. A. She is old enough to drive. Incorrect. The infinitive comes after “enough” which comes after the adjective “old.” Incorrect. “Enough” should be after the adjective “old.” B. She is enough old to drive. Incorrect. Try again. C. Both are correct. Incorrect. This sentence is missing the “to” in front of “play.” A. Lincoln gets enough time play each day. Correct. “Enough” comes in front of the noun “time” and is followed by the infinitive “to play.” B. Lincoln gets enough time to play each day. Incorrect. Try again. C. Both are correct. A. This coffee is not warm enough to drink. Correct. “Enough” is after the adjective “warm” and is followed by the infinitive “to drink.” B. This coffee is not enough warm to drink. Incorrect. “Enough” should be after the adjective “warm.” Incorrect. Try again. C. Both are correct. Click to go to next slide.

Showing Purpose

Showing Purpose Click on the correct sentence. A. I drank a lot of coffee in order to stay awake. Both are correct. Infinitives can show purpose and “in order to” + base verb can show purpose. B. I drank a lot of coffee to stay awake. Both are correct. Infinitives can show purpose and “in order to” + base verb can show purpose. Correct. See other answers. C. Both are correct. Correct. The base verb “get” comes after “in order not to.” A. Lincoln must take his vitamins in order not to get sick. Incorrect. This sentence is missing “to” in front of “get.” B. Lincoln must take his vitamins, so he will not to get sick. Incorrect. Try again. C. Both are correct. A. Henry went to Los Angeles for dinner. Both are correct. “For” shows the purpose of his trip to Los Angeles. B. Henry went to Los Angeles to buy dinner. Both are correct. “To buy” shows the purpose of his trip to Los Angeles. Correct. See other answers. C. Both are correct. Click to end show.

Gerunds & Infinitives