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Explore the events that led to the outbreak of the American Revolution and how it contributed to the development of the American identity. Discuss the roles of British Acts, colonists' reactions, and the influence of Common Sense. Examine the strengths and weaknesses of both the British and the colonists, as well as the role of loyalists, African Americans, and Native Americans. Learn about the phases of the revolution and the pivotal role played by the French. Finally, reflect on the Treaty of Paris and the implications for the newly independent American nation.
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So What Really Caused the American Revolution? • Of the following events, which do you think was most responsible for the outbreak of the American Revolution? • Tea Act • Proclamation Line of 1763 • Stamp Act • Coercive/Intolerable Acts • Declaratory Act • Sugar Act • Quartering Act
Discuss with your neighbor… What does it mean to be an adult? When does one become an adult?
Discuss with your neighbor… • Is it appropriate to equate the relationship between England the American colonies to that of a parent and a child? Why or why not? • When considering colonists’ reactions to British Acts and Paine’s argument in Common Sense, what kind of government do you think Americans want?
To Begin… • When considering colonists’ reactions to British Acts and Paine’s argument in Common Sense, what kind of government do you think Americans want? • What study strategies do you use?
The Revolutionary War How does the Revolutionary War contribute to the development of the American identity?
As Revolution Begins • British Strengths • More people • More wealth • Greater naval power • Professional army • Could pay for foreign soldiers • British Weaknesses • Geographical separation • Had to reconquer large amount of land • Poor leadership • Colonial Strengths • Good leadership • Foreign aid • Self-sustaining b/c agriculture • Thought justice was on their side • Colonial Weaknesses • Jealousy • Lacked money • Lacked supplies • Congress had little power • Lacked unity
As Revolution Begins • Loyalists: • Educated • Wealthy • Anglican • Feared chaos • Patriots: • Young • New England & VA • Congregationalist • Feared oppression • African Americans • Native Americans
Phase II: NY & PA[1777-1778]
The Crisis 15 • “These are the times that try men’s souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman...”
16 • “Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph. What we obtain too cheap, we esteem too lightly: it is dearness only that gives every thing its value.”
WASHINGTON CROSSING THE DELAWARE FOR TRENTON US Delaware
SURRENDER AT TRENTON Surrender/trenton
Enter the French • Wanted revenge against Britain • Had secretly supplied Americans from beginning • Battle of Saratoga • public support for Americans • Americans promised to join French if ever went to war with Britain • helped expand the Revolution • Continued to provide supplies, troops, and naval support • Incredibly important to outcome of the Battle of Yorktown
Britain’s “Southern Strategy” • Britain thought that there were more Loyalists in the South. • Southern resources were more valuable/worth preserving. • The British win a number of small victories, but cannot pacify the countryside [similar to U. S. failures in Vietnam!]
23 Count de Rochambeau AdmiralDe Grasse
Treaty of Paris (1783) • Negotiated by Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, John Jay and Henry Laurens • England formally recognized the US • Mississippi River western boundary • States to return property to Loyalists • Will not impede British collection of debts • US fishing rights off coast of Canada • Illustrated the complicated relationships with Britain and France
Lessons from the Treaty 25 • Succeed in playing one power against the other • beginnings of American isolationism • Our system, our interests, are distinct from Europe’s. • We shouldn’t get involved in their problems
…To End: Mourning or Celebrating One’s opinion of the outcome of the Revolutionary War depended on one’s perspective. With this in mind, please create one of the following: • An obituary that mourns the “passing” of the British colonies in North America • A birth announcement that celebrates the “arrival” of an independent American nation **be creative, really consider “personality” traits**
