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Synthetic Biology for Synthetic Drugs and Fuels

Synthetic Biology for Synthetic Drugs and Fuels . Jay Keasling University of California, Berkeley Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Malaria. Chloroquine-based drugs. Source: Roll Back Malaria World Malaria Report 2005. Artemisinin the best anti-malarial drug. Current process.

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Synthetic Biology for Synthetic Drugs and Fuels

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  1. Synthetic Biologyfor Synthetic Drugs and Fuels Jay Keasling University of California, Berkeley Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

  2. Malaria

  3. Chloroquine-based drugs Source: Roll Back Malaria World Malaria Report 2005

  4. Artemisininthe best anti-malarial drug

  5. Current process Purification Chemical Conversions Artemisinin Plant synthesis Artemether Arteether Artelinate Artesunate

  6. Malaria Cases (millions) 247 in 2006 135 in 2020 GMAP target Artemisinin demand analysis Millions of treatments Total ACT Demand 350 300 250 200 150 ACTs delivered 100 ACTs delivered (actual) BCG Demand forecast scenarios 50 Demand forecasts from other groups 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Source: Boston Consulting Group

  7. Artemisinin price swings Artemisinin prices ($/kg) Food prices (indexed to Jan 2002) Commodity food prices Artemisinin prices Source: Boston Consulting Group

  8. Demand Artemisinin supply Tonnes of Artemisinin 350 Historic production Stock from previous year 300 Minimum production floor Variable production 250 200 150 100 50 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Source: Boston Consulting Group

  9. Current process Purification Chemical Conversions Artemisinin Plant synthesis Artemether Arteether Artelinate Artesunate

  10. Microbial process Purification Chemical Conversions Artemisinin Microbial synthesis Artemether Arteether Artelinate Artesunate

  11. Microbial synthesis of artemisinin

  12. Improvements in yield  lower artemisinin costs

  13. Research, Development & Delivery Amyris Biotechnologies Keasling Laboratory

  14. Global Warming and Energy Security

  15. Petroleum-based transportation fuels CO2

  16. Corn to Ethanol CO2 CO2

  17. Corn to Ethanol CO2 CO2

  18. Corn to Ethanol CO2 CO2

  19. Corn is not an ideal energy crop • Water requirements • Fertilizer requirements • Bred to be a food crop

  20. Biomass to Ethanol CO2 CO2

  21. US annual biomass inventory 1.3 billion tons Wheat straw Corn stover 6.1% Soy 19.9% 6.2% Crop residues 7.6% Grains 5.2% Manure 4.1% Urban waste 2.9% Perennial crops 35.2% Forest 12.8% From: Billion ton Vision, DOE & USDA 2005

  22. How much fuel can we produce from 1.3 billion tons of biomass? 2007 US Petroleum Consumption 7.6 7 6 2007 US Imports 5 Energy from burning biomass 4 4.4 Billion Barrels of Oil Equivalents 2007 US Domestic Production 3.5 Fuel yields from biomass using mid-term conversion technology 3 2.5 2 1.9 1 0

  23. Biomass to Ethanol CO2 CO2

  24. Ethanol is not an ideal fuel

  25. Repurposing a microbial production platform

  26. Repurposing a microbial production platform Biofuel

  27. Engineered microbes produce oil and advanced biofuels

  28. Biomass to advanced transportation fuels CO2 CO2

  29. The Joint BioEnergy Institute (jbei) CO2 CO2

  30. jbei: a Bay Area Partnership

  31. jbei’s Research Program CO2 CO2

  32. jbei: a single location

  33. jbei: an incubator for great ideas and the green economy Petroleum Companies Biotech Companies Biofuels Companies Plant Genetics Companies Feedstock Companies Chemical Companies

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