1 / 9

RFID Regulations

RFID Regulations. Radio communication legislation: Why?. Need to ensure reliable radio communication Interference will always cause problems Governments legislate how spectrum is to be used Variations around the globe, with drive for harmonisation Surprisingly dynamic nature

dionne
Download Presentation

RFID Regulations

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. RFID Regulations

  2. Radio communication legislation: Why? • Need to ensure reliable radio communication • Interference will always cause problems • Governments legislate how spectrum is to be used • Variations around the globe, with drive for harmonisation • Surprisingly dynamic nature • Both licensed and licence free bands • RFID traditionally uses licence-free bands • Shared with other users (mostly low power communications)

  3. Radio communication legislation: What? • Who can use which frequencies • Public, military, commercial • What the frequencies can be used for • Voice, video, telemetry, radio control • How the spectrum is to be used • How long it can be used for • How it’s shared with others • What modulation schemes/air interfaces are possible • Power levels allowed

  4. UHF Band legislations • Not fully harmonized worldwide • Huge progress has been made in last three years • Europe (46 countries) adopted one band for UHF • Japan & Korea released a band for UHF • Singapore approved new regulations in November 2004 • India and China are making progress • A key UHF functionality: • Tags optimised for a certain frequency will be readable across the whole 860 to 960 MHz range with very little loss of performance • For example, tags programmed at 915 MHz in the US will read at 866 MHz in Europe or 950 MHz in Japan

  5. Electric Radio Infra-red Visible Ultra- X-Rays Gamma Cosmic Waves Waves Light Violet Rays Rays Radio Spectrum 9kHz 30kHz 300kHz 3000kHz 30MHz 300MHz 3000MHz 30GHz 300GHz 3000GHz VLF LF MF HF VHF UHF SHF EHF Not designated Long Medium Short Wave Wave Wave VHF Very High Frequency VLF Very Low Frequency The “RFID” Frequencies UHF Ultra High Frequency LF Low Frequency SHF Super High Frequency MF Medium Frequency EHF Extremely High Frequency HF High Frequency 860-960 MHz 2,45 and 5,8 GHz 125-134 kHz 13,56 Mhz Electromagnetic spectrum UHF

  6. Map of the ITU regions

  7. ITU Region 1 (EU and Africa) • CEPT countries • 869.4 - 869.65 MHz : 500mW erp : DC<10% • 865.6 - 867.6 MHz : 2W erp (new standard) • South Africa • 869.4 - 869.65 MHz : 500mW erp (proposed) • 915.2 - 915.4 MHz : 8 W eirp Notes: EIRP = Effective Isotropic Radiated Power ERP = Effective Radiated Power 2W ERP is equivalent to 3.2W EIRP

  8. ITU Region 2 (Americas) • USA, Canada and Mexico 902 - 928 MHz : 4W eirp FHSS, 500kHz wide channels permitted – relaxed emission requirements within the whole band. • Central & South America Generally similar to North America but varies from country to country.

  9. ITU Region 3 (Asia) • Australia • 918 - 926 MHz : 1W eirp, FCC emission regs. Insufficient power • New Zealand • 864 - 868 MHz : 4W eirp • Japan • 950 - 956 MHz : Provisional test allocation • South Korea • 910-914 MHz: Provisional allocation, to be confirmed soon • India • UHF allocation being discussed with government. • China • Good progress recently; Testing in progress • Singapore (as of 2 November 2004) • 866 – 869 MHz: 0.5 W erp; 923 – 925: 2W erp (licence required above 0.5W erp)

More Related