Ersan Öztürk-504041515 26/12/2005

1. JAVA RADIO iTÜ COMPUTER ENGINEERING INTERCONNECTION PROTOCOLS PROJECT PRESENTATION Ersan Öztürk-504041515 26/12/2005

2. OUTLINE • Idea • Aim • Radio Chip: TEA5764 • I2C • Parallel Port • Hardware Connection • OSI layers: physical, logical link • JNI • To do list • Problems encountered • Conclusion

3. IDEA • Cell phones that does not have radio on • 64% of cell phones support Java applications.* • People request music everytime, everywhere • *Source:GFK

4. AIM • IO control of the phones requires longer time, • So aim is: • Radio control via a PC using JavaTM language • A radio that can be controlled via PC: • TEA5764 • Can be controlled via I2C

5. Radio Chip:TEA5764 • Chip produced by Philips, • One of the smallest radio chips • It supports Radio Display System (RDS) • RDS: station, song, artist display • Control can be done via I2C • Consumes low power

6. I2C - definition • Inter Integrated Circuit • Syncronious Serial Communication COST COMPLEXITY SPEED LOW • Developed by Philips semiconductors in 1980’s • Used to control signal processing devices such as:RF tuners, video decoders,audio processors, EEPROMS, real time clocks etc.

7. I2C - Basics • Two lines: bidirectional communitaction Dev. 1 Master SDA:Serial Data Dev. 2 Slave SCL:Serial Clock • Intiates and finishes communication • Establishes syncronization by clock • Determines data direction • Responds when addressed, at the time given by master

8. I2C – Communication1 • SEND / WRITE START address R/W A_S Byte1 A_S ..... A_S STOP 0010000 0 XXXXXXXX .... RECEIVE / READ START address R/W A_S Byte1 A_M ..... NAMSTOP 0010000 0 XXXXXXXX A_S: Acknowledge by slave A_M:Acknowledge by master NAM:Non Acknowledge by master

9. I2C – Communication2 SDA:HIGH > LOW • START SCL:HIGH STOP SDA:LOW > HIGH SCL:HIGH ACK_MASTER SDA:LOW BY MAS. SCL:PULSE ACK_SLAVE SDA:LOW BY SLA. SCL:PULSE NON_ACK_MASTER SDA:HIGH BY MAS. SCL:PULSE

10. Parallel Port - 1 • 8 pins are bidirecitional used for data accessed via DATA PORT • 5 pins are input accessed via STATUS PORT • (one is inverted) • 4 pins are output accesses via CONTROL PORT (three are inverted) • Remaining pins are Grounded

11. Parallel Port - 2 DATA (378|278|3BC) STATUS (DATA+1) CONTROL (DATA+2) D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 BUSY D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 RESERVED DATA7 DATA6 ~ACK RESERVED DATA5 PE DIRECTION DATA4 SELECT IRQENABLE DATA3 ~ERROR ~SELECTIN DATA2 IRQ INIT DATA1 RESERVED ~AUTOFEED DATA0 RESERVED ~STROBE Windows NT,2000 and XP does not let user programs to reach memory addesses. Windows 98,ME let it!

12. Hardware Connection PIN2 PIN16 SDA TEA5764 SPEAKER PARALLEL PORT SCL PIN18-25 GND VCC VDD VREFDIG PIN2: DATA PORT 0 PIN16:CONTROL PORT 2

13. Coding – Physical Layer • void Zero() • { • SDA(LOW); • delay (DELAY_MILIS,DELAY_NANOS); • SCL(HIGH); • delay (DELAY_MILIS,DELAY_NANOS); • SCL(LOW); • delay (DELAY_MILIS,DELAY_NANOS); • } void One() { SDA(HIGH); delay (DELAY_MILIS,DELAY_NANOS); SCL(HIGH); delay (DELAY_MILIS,DELAY_NANOS); SCL(LOW); delay (DELAY_MILIS,DELAY_NANOS); } void SDA(int state) { if(state==0)lpt1.write_data (0x0000); elselpt1.write_data (0x0001); }

14. Coding – Network & Procol Layer • void radio_power(int onoff){ • FMWrite(); • if(ack_slave()==0) • writebyte(0x00ff); // byte0W • if(ack_slave()==0) • writebyte(0x002f); // byte1W : 00101111 • if(ack_slave()==0) // 100.0 mhz • writebyte(0x00ca); // byte2W : 11011010 • if(ack_slave()==0) • if(onoff==1) • writebyte(0x0040); // byte3W : 01000000 • else • writebyte(0x0000); // byte3W : 00000000 • if(ack_slave()==0) • Stop(); • }

15. Java Native Interface (JNI) • A framework that enables Java codes to call native applications and libraries of languages such as C, C++ and assembly • It is mostly used for operating system and hardware related functions

16. JNI - Parport • import parport.ParallelPort; • class SimpleIO { • public static void main ( String []args ) • { • ParallelPort lpt1 = new ParallelPort(0x378); • int aByte; • aByte = lpt1.read(); // read a byte from the port's STATUS pins • aByte = aByte >> 2; // a simple and irrelevant operation • lpt1.write(aByte); // write a byte to the port's DATA pins • System.out.println("Output to port: " + aByte); • } • } Java Radio lpt1.read_data() In C language inportb(DATA) Java Radio lpt1.write_data(aByte) In C language outportb(DATA,aByte)

17. Human Interface

18. Output – via Logic Analyzer

19. Problems Encountered • P1)Unsigned bytes are not avaliable in Java • S1)Integers were used instead of bytes • P2)Win XP not allow to reach parallel port • S2)Userport and DirectIO used then Win98 is used • P3)Java Comm is not flexible enough • S3)JNI is used, • P4)Data port used as unidirectional • S4)Parallel Port is set to Enhanced Parallel Port (EPP) from BIOS and direction selection is used on Control Port • P5)Can not get output from radio • S5)Still working on it!!!

20. To do list • Finish the code and test functions in details • Establish RDS • Implement the code in mobile phone emulators • Differenciate code according to different mobile phone IOs and Java supports • Marketing the radio to manufacturers nationwide • Marketing the radio worldwide • Make money$

21. Conclusion • Project taught: • One of the basic interconnection protocols I2C • One of the basic connection components of PC: The Parallel Port • Control mechanisms of chips • Use of Java in low level (JNI) • At the end it can be a success in business.