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Cladistics is classification based on common ancestry.

Cladistics is classification based on common ancestry. Phylogeny is the evolutionary history for a group of species. evidence from living species, fossil record, and molecular data shown with branching tree diagrams. A cladogram is an evolutionary tree made using cladistics.

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Cladistics is classification based on common ancestry.

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  1. Cladistics is classification based on common ancestry. • Phylogenyis the evolutionary history for a group of species. • evidence from living species, fossil record, and molecular data • shown with branching tree diagrams

  2. A cladogram is an evolutionary tree made using cladistics. • A clade is a group of species that shares a common ancestor. • Each species in a clade shares some traits with the ancestor. • Each species in a clade has traits that have changed.

  3. Tetrapoda clade Archosauria clade Reptilia clade Amniota clade Diapsidaclade NODE: Most recent common ancestor FOUR LIMBS WITH DIGITS • Nodes represent the most recent common ancestor of a clade. CLADE FEATHERS AND TOOTHLESS BEAKS. • Clades can be identified by snipping a branch under a node. SKULL OPENINGS IN FRONT OF THE EYE AND IN THE JAW OPENING IN THE SIDE OF THE SKULL 2 SKULL OPENINGS BEHIND THE EYE EMBRYO PROTECTED BY AMNIOTIC FLUID Characteristic

  4. Tetrapoda clade Archosauria clade Reptilia clade Amniota clade Diapsidaclade NODE: Most recent common ancestor FOUR LIMBS WITH DIGITS • As you move up a cladogram, you are building upon the characteristics found before it. You are becoming more specific. • Ex: Tetrapoda only has 4 limbs. Amniotes have 4 limbs and an embryo protected by amniotic fluid. Reptiles have 4 limbs, amniotic fluid and 2 skull openings behind the eye, etc… CLADE FEATHERS AND TOOTHLESS BEAKS. SKULL OPENINGS IN FRONT OF THE EYE AND IN THE JAW OPENING IN THE SIDE OF THE SKULL 2 SKULL OPENINGS BEHIND THE EYE EMBRYO PROTECTED BY AMNIOTIC FLUID Characteristic

  5. Making a Cladogram In the last lab you classified living things like Linnaeus did: using physical characteristics. Since the science behind genetics and paleontology further developed in the 20th century we found that lots of living things were placed in incorrect groups. Let’s try to classify these animals using both their physical characteristics and what we now know from fossils and DNA analysis.

  6. A. Lizard Which is most closely related to Alligators? B. Bird C. Bat

  7. A. Hippo Which animal is most closely related to whales? B. Walrus C. Shark

  8. A. Tasmanian Devil B. Rhino Which animal is most closely related to the wolverine? C. Walrus

  9. A. Walrus B. Hippo Which animal is most closely related to rhinos? C. Zebra

  10. A. Lizard B. Bird Which is most closely related to Alligators? Proteins, Fossils C. Bat

  11. A. Hippo DNA, Fossils Hippos are most closely related to whales. B. Walrus C. Shark

  12. A. Tasmanian Devil B. Rhino Walruses are most closely related to wolverines. Placental carnivores C. Walrus

  13. A. Zebra Odd-toed ungulates A. Walrus Zebras are most closely related to rhinos. B. Hippo

  14. Arrange the animals listed below on the cladogram. Alligator Shark Hippo Zebra Bird Whale Tasmanian Devil Rhino

  15. Tasmanian Devil Alligator Whale Shark Zebra Hippo Rhino Bird

  16. Possible Solutions (Marsupial) (Terrestrial) (Aquatic) (Horn) (Scales) (Stripes) (Feathers) (No legs) Hippo Even Toes Odd Toes Whale Alligator Zebra Rhino T. Devil Shark Bird Hooves Shelled eggs Live Birth Fur/Hair Legs Jaws

  17. Common Ancestry T. Devil (Marsupial) Bird (Feathers) Hippo (Terrestrial) Alligator (Scales) Even Toes Whale (Aquatic) Odd Toes Rhino (Horn) Shark (No legs) Zebra (Stripes) Hooves Shelled eggs Live Birth Fur/Hair Pikaia Where on the cladogram would you find the common ancestor for all these animals? Where on the cladogram would you find the common ancestor for hippos and whales? Legs Jaws Indohyus

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