1 / 10

Ammonia Chain

Ammonia Chain. Mike Loper Paul Matthews. Introduction. Production of ammonia Uses and derivatives Ammonium Nitrate Ammonium Sulfate Urea Nitric Acid Other Economics. Ammonia Production. N 2 + 3H 2 + Δ /Pressure⇌ 2NH 3 Haber-Bosch process Iron-Oxide catalyst

dora
Download Presentation

Ammonia Chain

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Ammonia Chain Mike Loper Paul Matthews

  2. Introduction • Production of ammonia • Uses and derivatives • Ammonium Nitrate • Ammonium Sulfate • Urea • Nitric Acid • Other • Economics

  3. Ammonia Production N2 + 3H2 + Δ/Pressure⇌ 2NH3 • Haber-Bosch process • Iron-Oxide catalyst • Ruthenium-Carbon new, but expensive • H2 usually direct from oil refinery • 85-90% Yield

  4. Uses and Derivatives of Ammonia • Mainly agriculture • Ammonium nitrate • Ammonium sulfate • Urea • Nitric Acid • Polymers • Acrylonitrile • Caprolactam • Explosives • Nitroglycerin • Very small portion

  5. Ammonium Nitrate NH3 + HNO3 → NH4NO3 • Prilling • Hot concentrate sprayed from tower • Removes end traces of water • 82:18 ratio of fertilizer:explosive end use • Cold packs

  6. Ammonium Sulfate 2NH3 + H2SO4 → (NH4)2SO4 • Fertilizer • Food additive • Enzyme purification

  7. Urea 2HN3 + CO2 → NH2COO-NH4+ → NH2CONH2 + H2O • 80% Yield • Excess is used for fertilizer • Direct fertilizer • Livestock feed • Resins • Adhesives • Explosives • Hair removal

  8. Nitric Acid 1. 4 NH3 + 5 O2 → 4 NO + 6 H2O 2. 2 NO + O2 → 2 NO2 3. 3 NO2 + H2O → 2 HNO3 + NO • Ostwald process • Made into other chemicals • Ammonium Nitrate • Polymers • Rocket Propellant

  9. Economics

  10. References • Images • Ammonium Nitrate Prills. Retrieved November 10, 2013, from: http://www.sriammanchemicals.com/full-images/porous-prilled-ammonium-nitrate-790634.jpg • Bread. Retrieved November 10, 2013, from: http://cdn.zmescience.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/fresh-sliced-bread.jpg • Chenier, P. J. (2002). Survey of Industrial Chemistry, Third Edition. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. • Global Ammonia Consumption Pie Chart. Retrieved November 10, 2013, from: http://www.chemsystems.com/reports/search/docs/prospectus/SBA09_Ammonia_Urea_Prospectus.pdf • Household Ammonia. Retrieved November 10, 2013, from: http://images.cpcache.com/merchandise/514_400x400_NoPeel.jpg?region=name:FrontCenter,id:69021497,w:16 • Nair Logo. Retrieved November 10, 2013, from: http://divasanddorks.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/NairLogonew-1024x402.jpg • Nitrogen Manufacturing Process Chart. Retrieved November 10, 2013, from: http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/equilibria/haberflow.gif • Sources • Chenier, P. J. (2002). Survey of Industrial Chemistry, Third Edition. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. • Princeton. (2013). Ammonium Nitrate. Retrieved from http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Ammonium_nitrate.html • Wang, N. S. (n.d.). Experiment No. 6A - Enzyme Purification. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering. College Park, Maryland, United States of America: University of Maryland. • World Health Organization. (2013). Food Additive Details. Retrieved from CODEX alimentarius: http://images.cpcache.com/merchandise/514_400x400_NoPeel.jpg?region=name:FrontCenter,id:69021497,w:16

More Related