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THE PROGRESSIVE ERA

THE PROGRESSIVE ERA. Chapter 9. THE ORIGINS OF PROGRESSIVISM. Section 1. PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT GOALS:. To protect social welfare To promote moral improvement To create economic reform To foster efficiency. SOCIAL WELFARE:.

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THE PROGRESSIVE ERA

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  1. THE PROGRESSIVE ERA Chapter 9

  2. THE ORIGINS OF PROGRESSIVISM Section 1

  3. PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT GOALS: • To protect social welfare • To promote moral improvement • To create economic reform • To foster efficiency

  4. SOCIAL WELFARE: Reformers tried to promote social welfare by easing problems of city life….. HOW?

  5. YMCA YMCA built libraries and exercise rooms.

  6. SALVATION ARMY Fed poor people in the cities & cared for children in nurseries.

  7. SETTLEMENT HOUSES Helped families

  8. ILLINOIS FACTORY ACT1893 • Law prohibited child labor & limited women’s working hours • Pioneer was a reformer named FlorenceKelley.

  9. REFORMERS PROMOTED MORAL REFORM. HOW????

  10. Working for PROHIBITION: Prohibition was the banning of alcoholic drinks

  11. WOMEN’S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION • Many prohibitionists were members of the WCTU. • The well-organized union became the largest women’s group ever.

  12. REFORMERS TRIED TO MAKE ECONOMIC CHANGES How???

  13. Pointing out the great inequality b/w the rich & the poor. • Pushed for better treatment of workers. • Journalists called MUCKRAKERS wrote stories about corruption & unfair practices in business.

  14. Make Businesses more efficient & profitable. How????

  15. SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT: • Idea was to apply scientific ideas to make each task simpler. • One outcome was the ASSEMBLY LINE.

  16. Progressives changed city governments HOW?

  17. COMMISSION SYSTEM: • Group of experts run the city. • Each expert takes charge of a different city department. • By 1917, about 500 cities had commission forms of city government.

  18. COUNCIL-MANAGER FORM OF GOVERNMENT By 1925, nearly 250 cities had managers. Managers were appointed by councils elected by the people.

  19. PROGRESSIVE MAYORS • These mayors improved cities w/out changing their system of government. • They put in such reforms as fairer tax systems & lower public transportation fares.

  20. How did state laws change?

  21. Progressive Governors • Many states had progressive governors. • These states passed laws to regulate railroads, mines, telephone companies, & other large businesses.

  22. Robert M. La Follette • Governor of Wisconsin • Led the way in regulating big business • Set up a commission to regulate railroads.

  23. CHILD LABOR REFORMS: • Reformers were not able to get a federal law to ban child labor…. BUT…. • They did get STATE legislatures to ban child labor. • States also set maximum hours for all workers

  24. ELECTORAL REFORMS: • 1) Initiative- Gives voters themselves the right to propose a law • 2) Referendum- Voters could accept or reject the initiative by a direct vote on the initiative • 3) Recall- Voters could force a government official to face another election.

  25. 17th AMENDMENT: • Amendment to the Constitution that called for senators to be elected directly by the people instead of by state lawmakers.

  26. WOMEN IN PUBLIC LIFE Section 2

  27. 1 out of 5 Women held jobs by 1900 • Women typically held the least skilled positions & paid half as much as men. • Women also began filling new jobs in offices, stores, & classrooms. • Women went to new business schools to learn to become stenographers & typists. • These jobs required a high school education.

  28. Women w/out formal education took jobs as domestic workers, cleaning, & taking care of children of other families.

  29. Women who became active in public life attended college. New women’s colleges like Vassar, Smith & Wellesley opened.

  30. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF COLORED WOMEN (NACW) • Founded in 1896 by African-American women • Created nurseries, reading rooms, and kindergartens.

  31. NATIONAL AMERICAN WOMAN SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION (NAWSA) • Suffrage – The right to vote • Women tried to win the right to vote in a national constitution amendment…..Voted down several times.

  32. TEDDY ROOSEVELT’S SQUARE DEAL Section 3

  33. Teddy Roosevelt • Became President in 1901 • Had been active in sports & politics. • Leader of the “Rough Riders” in the Spanish-American War. • His personality made him a popular president.

  34. SQUARE DEAL • Referred to a program of progressive reforms sponsored by Roosevelt’s administration. • He wanted to see that the common people received what he called a “Square Deal” square deal

  35. Roosevelt the “Trust Buster” Roosevelt had the government sue harmful trusts under the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890. He filed 44 antitrust suits.

  36. Roosevelt the “Arbitrator”… • 1902, about 140,000 coal miners in Pennsylvania went on strike. • Mine owners refused to negotiate. • Roosevelt called both sides to the White House to talk. • Both sides agreed to have an arbitration commission help settle their differences. • From then on, the fed. government often stepped in to help settle a strike.

  37. MEAT INSPECTION ACT: • Passed in 1906. • Created a program of federal meat inspection.

  38. PURE FOOD & DRUG ACT: • Passed by Congress in 1906. • Halted sale of contaminated foods & medicines & called for truth in labeling.

  39. Roosevelt appointed Gifford Pinchot head of U.S. Forest Service. John Muir, a naturalist & writer, persuaded Roosevelt to set aside 148 mill. Acres Roosevelt & Pinchot believed in “conservation”…..Muir believed in total preservation. CONSERVATION

  40. Gifford Pinchot & John Muir

  41. NAACP • Founded in 1909 by W.E.B. Du Bois. • Pushed for civil rights & racial equality

  42. PROGRESSIVISM UNDER TAFT Section 4

  43. TAFT REPLACE ROOSEVELT AS PRESIDENT IN 1909 ELECTION: • 2 major problems during his Presidency: • Tariffs- Taft wanted to lower them. Payne-Aldrich Tariff didn’t lower tariffs much. Progressives annoyed. • Conservation- Pinchot criticized Taft and was fired from U.S. Forest Service over appointment of Richard A. Ballinger as Secretary of the Interior. Pinchot accused him of misusing the natural resources for commercial interests.

  44. REPUBLICAN PARTY SPLITS! • Republican party had 2 wings… 1)Progressives, who wanted change. 2)Conservatives, who did NOT want change. President Taft was not able to hold the Party together…..

  45. Roosevelt decides to run again….Ran under new “Progressive Party” Also called the BULL MOOSE PARTY..platform was reform.

  46. Because Republicans were split… Democrats win Presidential election of 1912 Reform governor of New Jersey, Woodrow Wilson.

  47. Wilson was able to manage to get some parts of his progressive platform passed but had to give up others. He pushed for a reform program called “New Freedom”

  48. Under Wilson, major reforms: • Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 • Federal Trade Act of 1914 • Underwood Tariff of 1913 (lowered tariffs) • Federal Reserve System (12 districts)

  49. 16th Amendment to Constitution: • Provided for a federal income tax • Needed b/c of lowered tariffs.

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