乙烯作用机制

1. 乙烯作用机制 Mechanism of Ethylene Action

2. 乙烯调控种子萌发、种苗生长、叶片和花的脱落、器官衰老、果实成熟、单性花的性别决定等生理过程。此外乙烯还在应对生物和非生物胁迫中起着重要作用.乙烯调控种子萌发、种苗生长、叶片和花的脱落、器官衰老、果实成熟、单性花的性别决定等生理过程。此外乙烯还在应对生物和非生物胁迫中起着重要作用.

3. 乙烯的“三重反应” 对外源乙烯和ACC不敏感，如etr1,ein2等 组成型的三重反应突变体,如eto1,ctr1等 对外源乙烯及ACC超敏感,eer1

4. Ethylene’s effect on seedlings growth is exerted in two phases the first phase a rapid but transient response very sensitive to low ethylene levels not dose dependent, nor does require the function of the transcription factors EIN3 and EIL1 the second phase a sustained and slower response both dose dependent the first phase and EIN3/EIL1 dependent

5. Five ethylene receptor proteins

6. The EBD (Ethylene Binding Domain)

7. Ethylene Binding is Supported by Copper ions Pharmaceutical treatment: 1-MCP or Ag(I) transmitter-on isoforms

8. Single Transmitter-on Receptor can Repress Ethylene Responses

9. Why five ethylene receptors? Genetic Redundancy: A duplicated gene can replace the function of a defective one

10. Duplicated Genes are Stabilized after Sub-Functionalization

11. How the Five Receptors Coordinately Regulate Ethylene Responses?

12. a linear pathway from perception to transcriptional regulation

13. A Genetic Model for the Ethylene Signal Transduction

14. Differential, Preferential, and Obligate Receptor Collaborations

15. Unequal Redundancy and Collaboration Network of Ethylene Receptors

16. 刘颖发言 • Genetic and transformation studies reveal negative regulation of ERS1 ethylene receptor signaling in Arabidopsis

17. Formation of Various Receptor Combinations for Fine-Tuned Signal Output

18. Differential receptor collaborations Allowing for strong-to-weak receptor signaling Preventing ethylene fluctuations Sensing a broad range of ethylene concentration

19. The E3 responsible for the degradation is SCFEBF1/2. In the double mutant ebf1 ebf2, EIN3 is stabilized, resulting in a constitutive ethylene response. Furthermore, these plants exhibit a constitutive triple response.

20. EIN2 is a short-lived protein whose accumulation is essential for ethylene responses. (GENES & DEVELOPMENT 2009,23:512–521)

21. Two novel F-box proteins, ETP1 and ETP2, interact with EIN2-CEND (EIN2-C).

22. Ethylene-insensitive phenotypes ETP1 or ETP2 overexpression plants suggest a function in ethylene signaling.

23. Ethylene plays a negative role in ETP1 and ETP2 protein expression. Interplay between ethylene, ETP1/ETP2 F-box proteins, and degradation of EIN2 triggers ethylene responses in Arabidopsis

24. The seven Ps-ERFs displayed differential expression pattern and levels throughout the various stages of flower and fruit development. (Journal of Experimental Botany, 2009. 60(3):907–922)

25. Seven ERF cDNAs were cloned from two Japanese plum (Prunus salicina L.) cultivars, ‘Early Golden’ (EG) and ‘Shiro’ (SH). • Functional nuclear localization signal analyses of Ps-ERF1a and -1b were carried out using confocal microscopy. • The diversity in Ps-ERFs accumulation was largely due to the differences in their responses to the levels of ethylene production. • other plant hormones such as cytokinin and auxin, which accumulate strongly throughout the various developmental stages, also influence the Ps-ERFs expression. • A model was proposed in which the role played by the plant hormone auxin is as important as that of ethylene in initiating and determining the date and rate of ripening in Japanese plums.

26. 乙烯和植物抗病反应

27. IAA和ETH合成的交叉调节(Chandler 2009) ACC 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate, TAA1 tryptophan amino transferase1, WEI8, 12,17 weak ethylene insensitive8,12, 17, SAV3 shade avoidance3 IAA

28. 2 1 3 4 5 6 7 森林草莓及其遗传转化

29. 从森林草莓幼果中获得了生长素合成有关的2个YUC类基因，和2个ACO编码基因。从森林草莓幼果中获得了生长素合成有关的2个YUC类基因，和2个ACO编码基因。 • 在草莓座果、果实膨大和成熟启动三个发育节点上，研究在激素合成水平是否存在乙烯和生长素的交互影响、并探讨这些互作对森林草莓果实发育的意义

30. 油菜素内酯研究 Brassinolide Research

32. Biosynthetic Pathways to Generate BL in Plants Representative genes that catalyze BR biosynthesis: DET2, CYP85A1, CYP85A2, CYP90A1, and CYP90B1 (Arabidopsis) CYP90D2 (rice) and CYP92A6 (pea)

33. The sites in the brassinosteroid molecule which are modified by metabolism More than 70 brassinosteroids compounds have been isolated from plants. (Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 45 (2007) 95-107)

34. det2 (right) (de-etiolated2) Many BR mutant showed altered photomorphogenesis cpd (right) (constitutive photomorphogenesis and dwarfism) (Miklós et al., 1996; Chory et al., 1991; Song et al., 2009)

35. Conflicting role of BRs in photomorphogenesis BR levels are not reduced in light-grown Arabidopsis and barley seedlings (Symons et al., 2007) Sensitivity of plants to BRs may be inhibited by light?

36. Depletion of cellular brassinolide decreases embryo production and disrupts the architecture of the apical meristems in Brassica napus microspore-derived embryos Journal of Experimental Botany, 61(10): 2779–2794, 2010

39. Endosomal signaling of plantsteroid receptor kinase BRI1 • The steroid receptor BRI1 localizes to both plasma membrane and early endosomal compartments, even when observed at low, endogenous expression levels. • Its localization and turnover are independent of ligand. However, increasing endosomal localization of BRI1 enhances activation of the pathway and genomic responses. (Genes Development,2007)

41. BR与BRI1结合,激活信号传递途径。当胞外BR不存在或浓度较低时, BRI1与胞内抑制蛋白BKI1结合， 加上BRI1胞质域C末端抑制区对BRI1的自我抑制作用，BRI1的激酶活性处于不活化状态。 • 当BR浓度升高时, BR诱导BKI1与BRI1分离，BRI1形成同源二聚体同时也与质膜上另一受体激酶BAK1形成异源二聚体。 • BRI1的蛋白激酶活性被活化，活化质膜上的蛋白激酶BSKs, 并通过目前仍不明确的机制将BR的信号传递下去。

42. ASKh is a novel component of the BR signalling cascade, targeting the transcription factors BES1, BZR1 and BEH2 • in vivo protein kinase activity of the group-III GSK, ASKh (BIN2), was negatively regulated by BRI1. Plant Journal 2010

43. 下游BR信号传导分子 • GSK3/SHAGGY-LIKE蛋白激酶BIN2 • 含有Keltch-repeats的蛋白磷酸酶BSU1 • 磷酸化结合蛋白14-3-3 • 三亚基蛋白磷酸酶PP2A

44. 磷酸化对BZR1和BES1的影响 （1）促进BZR1和BES1蛋白的降解； （2）抑制BZR1和BES1与DNA的结合； （3）促进BZR1与14-3-3蛋白结合，使BZR1滞留在细胞质中而不能正常行使其转录因子的功能。

45. Crosstalk of BR-auxin, how BR involves in auxin-related responses? • BR treatment leads to altered endogenous auxin levels and/or enhanced auxin sensitivity , suggesting potential crosstalk between BR and auxin signaling pathways. • Both BR and auxin signaling pathways activate transcription of IAA biosynthesis and auxin responsive genes . • BRs promote lateral root initiation / development by stimulating acropetal auxin transport . • BR concentration efficiently influences seedling responses to auxin in term of hypocotyl elongation, root growth and lateral root initiation.