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TRENDS IN EDUCATION

TRENDS IN EDUCATION. Guntars Catlaks Senior research co-ordinator EI CEE Round Table Bucharest, 29 th – 30 th September 2010. Structure. Education at a Glance 2010, OECD Economic versus social perspective Social outcomes of education Resources in education School choice

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TRENDS IN EDUCATION

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  1. TRENDS IN EDUCATION Guntars Catlaks Senior research co-ordinator EI CEE Round Table Bucharest, 29th – 30th September 2010

  2. Structure • Education at a Glance 2010, OECD • Economic versus social perspective • Social outcomes of education • Resources in education • School choice • Tertiary education • Measuring, ranking, reforming – PISA 2009

  3. Education at a Glance 2010 Annual OECD publication based on statistical indicators (2008 data) Who participates in education? What is spent on education? How education systems operate? What results do they achieve? Compares countries performance - informs policy http://www.oecd.org/edu/eag2010

  4. Education – what for? • Economic benefits of education • employability, earnings, private benefits (returns) • + new indicator on the “economic links with education” • Social outcomes of education • better health, political interest and interpersonal trust • Other…. • Correlation or causality?

  5. Employabilitythe percentage of 25-64 year-olds in employment,by level of educational attainment

  6. Economic links with educationDeviation from the OECD mean annual labour costsof tertiary-educated individuals, by age groups

  7. Earnings – gender gap!Average earnings of females as a percentage of those of males (25-64 year-olds),by level of educational attainment

  8. Private incentives to investpresent value of an investment’s future cash flowsnet of the initial investment, discounted at a 3% real interest rate.

  9. Social outcomes – HEALTHproportion of adults reporting that their health is good

  10. POLITICAL INTERESTProportion of adults expressing interest in politics,by level of educational attainment

  11. INTERPERSONAL TRUSTProportion of adults expressing interpersonal trust,by level of educational attainment

  12. Financial resources Annual expenditure by educational institutions per studentin primary through tertiary education, by type of services (2007)

  13. Costs are increasing…Changes in the number of students and changes in expenditureby educational institutions per student, by level of education (2000, 2007)

  14. …but not as fast as GDP!Expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP,for all levels of education (1995, 2000, 2007)

  15. Takes different share of public money, though...Total public expenditure on education,as a percentage of total public expenditure (2000, 2007)

  16. How much teachers earn?

  17. How teachers’ relative salary affects students costs?Contribution of various factors to salary cost per studentas a percentage of GDP per capita, at primary level of education (2007)

  18. School choice • Exit, voice and loyalty are three options available to consumers when they face insufficient or deteriorating quality of goods or services (Hirschman, 1970) • Competitive spirit – will raise initiative • Catering for narrow range of education offer - specialization • Autonomy will improve creativity • No evidence!

  19. Tertiary education – fees and loans Relationships between average tuition fees charged by public institutionsand proportion of students who benefit from public loans AND/OR scholarships/grantsin tertiary-type A education (academic year 2006-07)

  20. Effectiveness? Proportion of students who enter tertiary educationwithout graduating from at least a first degree at this level (2008)

  21. International mobilityLong-term growth in the number of studentsenrolled outside their country of citizenship

  22. Distribution of foreign students in tertiary education,by country of destination (2008)

  23. Financing for Results - key message • OECD countries as a whole spend USD 9 195 annually per student from primary through tertiary education: USD 6 756 per primary student, USD 8 153 per secondary student and USD 16 625 per tertiary student • significant increase in spending per student over the past decade has, in many countries, not been matched with improvements in the quality of learning outcomes

  24. The future, according to the OECD, will measure the success of education systems no longer by how much countries spend on education or by how many individuals complete a degree, but by the educational outcomes achieved and by their impact on economic and social progress

  25. We must learn to measure what we value, rather than valuing what we can easily measure (Education Counts, 1991)

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