Network Design (Practical design of a network for Dowling College)

1. POCS Seminar Series 2006 Network Design (Practical design of a network for Dowling College) • by Georgi Todorov • Dowling College • Oakdale, NY, 11769 • http://mcs.dowling.edu/POCS/ Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

2. Outline • What is a network? • How do we design one? • What are the requirements? • What information do we need and how do we get it? • What are the optimal solutions that will meet the requirements? • Structured Cabling Standards • Safety • Tools • Installation Process • Proposed Solution by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

3. What is a network? • “A computer network is a system for communication between computers.” - Wikipedia[1] by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

4. How do we design a network? • Requirements • Collect information • Current technologies and how can they help us meet the requirements by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

5. Requirements @ DC • Services: • WWW - Web site of the college • Mail - (webmail, pop3, smtp, imap4) • DNS - (address resolution and propagation) • Internet connection • Intranet by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

6. Requirements @ DC(2) • Security: • Admin Network • Students Network • Faculty Network • Dorms Network • Wireless Network by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

7. Information • Cabling: • Building blueprints - drawings that provide distance information, service outlet location • Floor plans • Site plans for overview of the project • T-drawings - telephone placement • E-drawings - electrical reference • A-drawings - discover architectural features and available pathways by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

8. Information(2) • Other: • Number of faculty offices • Number of classrooms • Number of staff offices • Computer labs location and number of computers • Other information by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

9. DC Information • Racanelli: • 37 rooms used for classes • 1st floor: 4 labs, library, Student Services(11 hosts), Cafeteria • 2nd floor: Int. Student Office(4 rooms), 15 rooms, library (10 hosts) • 3rd floor: 32 rooms • 4th floor: 24 rooms, Science? Office (4 rooms) by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

10. DC Information(2) • Kramar Science Center: • 13 rooms in KSC used for classes • 0th floor:12 rooms • 1st floor: 22 rooms • 2nd floor: 6 biology labs • 3rd floor: 10 offices by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

11. DC Information(3) • Fortunoff Hall: • No rooms for classes • 0th floor: 24 rooms • 1st floor: 10 rooms • 2nd floor: 30 rooms • 3rd floor: 10 rooms by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

12. DC Information(4) • Student Dorms: • No rooms for classes • 1st floor: 2 x 12 rooms = 24 rooms • 2nd floor: 2 x 12 rooms = 24 rooms • 3rd floor: 2 x 14 rooms = 28 rooms by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

13. DC Information(5) • Other buildings: • Security Building • Performing Arts Center • Curtin Student Center • EDN • EDS • Brookhaven Campus by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

14. Technologies & Standards • Why follow standards? • They are not vendor specific • They are widely used • They are officially specified • They work by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

15. Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) and Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) • TIA/EIA-568-B.1 -> Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard - General Requirements • TIA/EIA-568-B.2 -> Balanced Twisted Pair Cabling Components • Only 100-ohm Category 3, 5e, and 6 cables are recognized • Category 5e or greater is now the recommended cable for 100-ohm twisted pair • When terminating Category 5e and higher cables, the pairs should not be untwisted more than 13 mm (0.5 inch) from the point of termination • TIA/EIA-568-B.3 -> Optical fiber Cabling Components • TIA/EIA-568-B -> Cabling Standards • TIA/EIA-569-A -> Commercial Building Standard for Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces • TIA/EIA-570-A -> Residential and Light Commercial Telecommunications Wiring Standard • TIA/EIA-606 -> Administration Standard for the Telecommunications Infrastructure of Commercial Buildings • TIA/EIA-607 -> Commercial Building Grounding and Bonding Requirements for Telecommunications by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

16. Cat 5e vs Cat 6 and up • Main difference is in the spacing between the pairs inside the cable. • Cat 6 and 7 are fully shielded. Each pair has a foil wrap and a braided sheath surrounds the four foil-wrapped pairs. by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

17. Safety • Many many standards! • Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) • Material safety data sheet (MSDS) • Underwriters Laboratories (UL) • National Electrical Code (NEC) • TIA/EIA-607-A • Important: Grounding - TIA/EIA-607-A • No loose or baggy clothes • Sturdy, fully enclosed shoes • Safety glasses • Even hard hats by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

18. Tools • Patch tool -> patching • Cable tester -> testing the signal/cable • (multi-pair) impact tool -> patching • Cable stripping tool • Electrician scissors • Cable knife • Stud sensor -> checking the walls • Measuring wheel • Fish tape -> retrieval of wires inside walls • Cable tree -> supports cable reels by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

19. Glossary • MDF -> Main Distribution Facility - Usually a room that concentrates all cable runs in a building, stores servers routers etc. (Vertical Cabling) • IDF -> Intermediate Distribution Facility -> a room or a closet that concentrates cable runs from a single floor can have switches and/or routers.(Horizontal Cabling) by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

20. Cabling • Install all cables in the ceilings, walls, floor, ducts and risers and label them on both sides • Terminate cables and install patch-panels • Test the cables, troubleshoot and certificate • Testing -> is there a signal • Certification -> how well the signal is carried from one end to the other by the wire by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

21. But what cables to use? by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

22. Design(1) • Oakdale Campus: • 4 buildings: Racanelli, Fortunoff, Kramar, Dorms. • RC, FH, KSC -> 4 floors each; Dorms -> 3 floors. • Good design: • 1 MDF in each building • 1 IDF on every floor by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

23. Design(2) • Consider: • Fortunoff and Kramar = 1 building? • => 1 MDF for Fortunoff/Kramar • Is an MDF @ the Dorms a good idea? • Security • Administration • Kramar: 2nd floor only 6 rooms and 3rd floor about 10 rooms -> 1 IDF for both floors? by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

24. Dowling College by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

25. Design(3) • Let’s start drawing! by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

26. Dowling College Backbone by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

27. Racanelli Floor 1 by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

28. Racanelli Floor 2 by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

29. Racanelli Floor 3 by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

30. Racanelli Floor 4 by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

31. Fortunoff Floor 0 by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

32. Fortunoff Floor 1 by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

33. Fortunoff Floor 2 by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

34. Fortunoff Floor 3 by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

35. Kramar Floor 0 by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

36. Kramar Floor 1 by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

37. Kramar Floors 2 & 3 by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

38. Dorms Floor 1 by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

39. Dorms Floor 2 by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

40. Dorms Floor 3 by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

41. Oakdale Campus by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

42. Oakdale Campus(2) • 1,2 or 3 GBit Fiber between MDF1 and MDF2(depending on budget) • 1GBit fiber or cat6 between IDF and Servers and IDF and MDF (depending on budget) • 100mbit cat5e or cat6 between IDF and nodes by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

43. Totals • Approx 800 nodes(PCs, Printers, Servers, Switches, etc.) • Average cable run 70m (230 ft) • Approx 5600m cable (18380ft) • Approx number of 24 port switches: 70 by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

44. But what cables to use? by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

45. Oakdale Campus by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

46. Technologies • 100BASE-TX -> cat 5 upto 100m (328 feet) (RJ45) • 1000BASE-T -> cat 5e upto 100m (328 feet) (RJ45) • 1000BASE-SX -> micro multimode fiber upto 275m (853 feet) for 62.5 microfiber and 550m (1804.5 feet) for 50 micro fiber by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

47. Prices • cat 5e Approx. 20c/m (6c/ft) ($100-$200 per run) • cat 6 Approx. 55c/m (17c/ft) • multimode fiber Approx. $1.5/m (46c/ft) • 1GBitE fiber module for CISCO switch-> $30-$40 • Cisco switch -> ???? ($N00-$N000) by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

48. Limits • TIA/EIA-569-A standard -> Demarcation point (where the internet comes to the customer), Equipment rooms etc: • - A distribution rack must have a minimum of 1 meter (3 feet) of workspace clearance in the front and rear of the rack. • - A full equipment cabinet requires at least 76.2 cm (30 inches) of clearance in front for the door to swing open. • - Equipment cabinets are generally 1.8-m (5.9-feet) high, 0.74-m (2.4-feet) wide, and 0.66-m (2.16-feet) deep. • TIP: patch panels should not be high on a rack mount, however servers and switches should be at the bottom for stability. • ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B specifies -> metering of cables • - 5 m (16.4 feet) of patch cord to interconnect equipment patch panels • - 5 m (16.4 feet) of cable from the cable termination point on the wall to the telephone or computer • - 90 m (295 feet) of cable run from patch panel to the outlet by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

49. Patch Panels by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

50. @IDF/MDF @Room KSF1R1A R1AKSF1 KSF1R1B R1BKSF1 KSF1R1C R1CKSF1 KSF1R2A R2AKSF1 KSF1R2B R2BKSF1 KSF1R2C R2CKSF1 KSF1R3A R3AKSF1 KSF1R3B R3BKSF1 KSF1R3C R3CKSF1 Labeling • Label every end of every cable • Use a labeling scheme that can be self-identifying if possible • Ex: by Georgi Todorov Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License