Common Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System

1. Common Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System

2. Skeletal System Common Disorders • Osteoporosis: porous bone that breaks easily • Risk factors of osteoporosis include age (over 50), diet low in calcium, smoking, increased alcohol consumption, lack of weight-bearing exercises, genetic predisposition • Affects both men and women – 1 in 5 men and 1 in 3 women will experience a broken bone from osteoporosis in a lifetime

3. Skeletal System Common Disorders • Fractures: break in bone • Arthritis: inflammation of the joints • Osteoarthritisis due to stress on joints • Usually affects weight bearing joints: knees, hips, vertebrae, and fingers • Aching, stiffness, limited motion • Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease • Causes inflammation, deformity, and crippling • Joints are painful, stiff, swollen, red, and warm

4. Observations/Situations of Skeletal System to Report • Slow and unsteady body movement • Difficulty holding objects • Resident who has fallen (stay with resident, call for help, do not move resident or allow resident to move) • Inability to move joints • Complaint of pain in joints • Complaint of pain with movement • Complaint of neck or head pain

5. Muscular System Common Disorders • Myalgia – muscle pain • Paralysis – loss of voluntary movement due to neurological damage such as stroke or trauma • Multiple sclerosis – weakness of muscles due to loss of covering on nerves that control them • Atrophy– muscle mass decreases in size

6. Observations of Muscular System to Reports • Difficulty holding or lifting objects • Inability to move a body part • Difficulty walking • Loss of muscle strength and tone • Edema of tissue or joint • Complaint of muscle pain • Slow, unsteady body movement