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Chapter 16 Diseases of the Integumentary System

Chapter 16 Diseases of the Integumentary System. Structure and Functions. Skin – Largest organ in the body - Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous – Protect, insulate, regulates temp, sense pain, water resistant yet prevents dehydration, synthesizes Vitamin D, excretes urea and uric acid

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Chapter 16 Diseases of the Integumentary System

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  1. Chapter 16Diseases of the Integumentary System

  2. Structure and Functions • Skin – Largest organ in the body -Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous – Protect, insulate, regulates temp, sense pain, water resistant yet prevents dehydration, synthesizes Vitamin D, excretes urea and uric acid • Hair – helps insulate, protect from dust/allergens • Nails –protect finger/toe tips, delicate vessels • Sweat glands – secrete waste through sweat • Sebaceous glands – secrete oils to moisten

  3. Diagnostic Tests • Visual • Blood and urine – used to rule out underlying diseases • Microscopic: • Skin scrapings • Cultures • DNA • Antibodies to identify cause (organism)

  4. Diseases of the SkinSigns and symptoms • Epidermoid and pilar cysts – smooth, round lump just beneath the skin surface • Impetigo – Vesicles and pustules that rupture forming a crust, fever, swollen lymph nodes • Cellulitis – Swollen, bright red, hot and tender area of skin, small vesicles, fever, chills, swelling of lymph nodes • Folliculitis – Erythema, follicular-based papules and pustules

  5. Furuncles, Carbuncles – Furuncles – large tender, swollen, pus-filled lesion; Carbuncles – cluster of furuncles • Herpes – Small, fluid-filled, painful vesicles • Warts – Benign neoplasms with rough, keratinized surface • Tinea – Mild scales, rash, fissures • Seborrheic dermatitis - Adults: Dry or greasy scaling with variable pruritus; Infants: Thick, yellow-crusted scalp lesions • Pediculosis (LICE)– Pruritus, multiple erythematous papules

  6. Candidiasis – Vaginal: white cottage-cheese discharge, burning, pruritis, erythema; Oral: creamy white, painful patches; Cutaneous: patches of red, moist, weepy skin • Scabies- Pruritis, vesicles, pustules, grayish lines (tunnels) • Urticaria (hives) – wheals with rounded elevations and pale centers, pruritis • Albinism – Absence of melanin • Acne – (vulgaris) Comedones, papules, pustules, nodules

  7. Hemangioma – Red or purple birth marks • Nevus (mole) – small, dark skin growth • Rosacea – Flushing, persistent erythema, papules, pustules, telangiectasis • Basal Cell Carcinoma – (from sun damage) – Pearly nodule with rolled edges may bleed, form crust • Squamous Cell Carcinoma ( from sun damage ) – Crusted nodule, ulcerates and bleeds • Psoriasis- Red lesions with silvery scales

  8. Allergic contact dermatitis- Rash with erythema, pruritus, burning • Atopic dermatitis – Red, dry crusted patches on the skin • Decubitus ulcer (pressure sore) – Reddened area, abrasion, vesicle, superficial ulceration, deep erosion • Corns/Calluses – Areas of skin that grow thick • Aeborrheickeratosis – Benign lesions with pasted-on look, flat or slightly elevated with a scaly surface, range in size, pruritus

  9. Hypothermia, frostbite – Hypothermia: shivering, cold and pale skin, lack of coordination, disorientation, decrease in HR, RR, BP, loss of consciousness; Frostbite: pain, numbness, tingling, loss of sensation, blistering, tissue death Burns – 1st degree: Red, swollen, pain; 2nd degree: Extremely red, blistered, painful; 3rd degree: White or black skin with a leathery appearance, no pain in the burned area

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