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Chapter 15

Chapter 15. Waves. Section 1. Types of Waves. Waves. A wave is a disturbance that carries energy through matter or space. Types of Waves. Mechanical Electromagnetic. Mechanical waves. a wave that requires a medium through which to travel Medium: the matter through which a wave travels.

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Chapter 15

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  1. Chapter 15 Waves

  2. Section 1 Types of Waves

  3. Waves • A wave is a disturbance that carries energy through matter or space

  4. Types of Waves • Mechanical • Electromagnetic

  5. Mechanical waves • a wave that requires a medium through which to travel • Medium: the matter through which a wave travels

  6. Electromagnetic Waves • a wave that consists of electric and magnetic fields • Does not need a medium • This is how light from the sun reaches earth through empty space (there is no matter in space)

  7. Transverse Wave • a wave that moves perpendicularly to the particle motion. • Example: “the wave” at a sporting event http://go.hrw.com/resources/go_sc/interactOnline/hk/hkwav_io.swf

  8. Longitudinal Waves • A wave that moves parallel to the particle motion. • Example: sound waves https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aguCWnbRETU

  9. Wave Parts • Crest: top of the wave • Trough: bottom of the wave • Rarefaction: stretched out areas • Compression: crowded areas

  10. Section 2 Characteristics of Waves

  11. Properties of Waves • Amplitude: height of the wave • Higher the amplitude the more energy the wave carries

  12. Wavelength (λ): distance between the crests of two waves • Shorter the wavelength the more energy the wave carries

  13. Period (T): the time that it takes a wave to pass • SI Unit: seconds (s) • Frequency (f): the number of waves produced in a given amount of time • SI Unit: Hertz (Hz) • Higher the frequency the more energy the wave carries

  14. Wave Speed • How fast a wave moves (m/s) wave speed = frequency × wavelength v = f × λ

  15. The Electromagnetic Spectrum • Shows the energy, frequency and wavelength of all the types of electromagnetic waves

  16. Visible Light • We can see electromagnetic waves with wavelengths between 400nm and 700nm • Humans see these waves as the color of the rainbow (ROYGBIV)

  17. Sound Waves • The pitch of a sound (how high or low it is) depends on the frequency at which sound waves hit your eardrum • high-pitch = high frequency

  18. The Doppler Effect • Motion between the source of waves and the observer creates a change in pitch.

  19. Section 3 Wave Interactions

  20. What are Wave Interactions? • When waves hit a boundary the wave bounces back. • When two or more waves are in the same location. • When a wave passes the edge of an object or passes through an opening, the wave bends. • A wave also bends when it passes from one medium to another.

  21. Reflection • When a ray of light, sound, or heat bounces back after it hits a surface

  22. Diffraction • When a wave bends because the wave finds an obstacle or an edge

  23. Refraction • The bending of a wave as it passes from one medium to another. • Example: when light passes from air to water

  24. Interference • When two or more waves collide and combine to form one wave

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