Standards and Protocols

1. Standards and Protocols Unit 6, Chapter 12 LAN Installation & Operation

2. Objectives • Describe the installation and operation of a LAN. • Describe the necessary management criteria to deploy a LAN. • Identify the factors that affect a LAN’s performance. • Explain why LANs have distance limitations. • List the major components of a home network. • Describe the functions of a NOS. • Describe the security implications when installing a wireless network.

3. What makes a good network? • Meets client’s needs? • Neat, fast, cost-effective • Manageable, easy on the backend • Documented!

4. LAN Selection Criteria • What items do we need to consider for our network? • Pg 320 • What economics are associated with our network? • Pg 321 • What are hardware costs? • What are software costs? • What are immediate or upfront costs? • What are recurring costs?

5. How do we install a LAN? • Pg 324

6. LAN Installation • Installation of Equipment • NICs • Wiring/Cabling • Server Hardware & Software • Bridges,Routers,Switches,Gateways,UPS • User Access Requirements (power) • Document LAN installation • Drawings • Settings • IP Address usage • Training Users & Admins • Start usage • Maintain & Fine Tune

7. Which network technology do we pick?

8. Comparison of Ethernet Technologies

9. LAN Considerations • Protocol: • CSM/CD, Token Ring • Medium: • Coaxial cable and fiber optic cables are more noise-resistant mediums. • Error rates • Speed: • Common LAN speeds for PC’s are 1, 2.5, 4, 10, 16, 20 and 100 Mbps. • Trend is for higher speeds so can transmission greater volumes of data. • Distance: • Distance in LAN is measured in wiring length. • Most microcomputer LANs range from few 100’s m to several 1000’s m • Applications: • Application Program Interfaces (APIs) are used to interface with networks. • Some software is not LAN compatible.

10. LAN Considerations • LAN Software and Hardware: • Selecting software & hardware that is compatible with existing equipment. • Speed of the equipment • Expandability: • Adding workstations or more workstations from one location to another. • Ease of expandability depends on medium installed. • Adding nodes is more difficult for fiber optic cables than for twisted-pair wires or coaxial cables. • Remote Access • Vendor and Support: • You can be more successful with a good vendor, and a less capable LAN than with a poor vendor and a superior LAN. • Vendor speed of resolving problems, obtaining needed equipment, etc. are factors of consideration in LAN operations. • Manageability: • Do not underestimate the time and effort required to operate & manage a LAN. • LAN Management Tasks are listed in Table 9-4 on page 260. • Security: • LAN software must have ability to control access to data, unlike stand-alone microcomputer systems which are usually single-server systems.

11. Network Management: • Organization & management • Physical Safeguards • Documentation • Change Control • Hardware & Software Backup • Access to Network Facilities • Network Application Standards • Network Performance Monitoring • Disaster Planning & Recovery

12. Off-Site and on site backups UPS on critical systems Inventory of spare components Secure and monitor all equipment Restrict Access to sensitive equipment Use fiber for external building-to-building connections rather than copper Disaster Recovery:Planning

13. LAN Software • Workstation Software Considerations • APIs/Netbios • Microsoft Server • NT • Windows Server 2000 • Windows Server 2003 • Windows Server 2008 • UNIX (HP, Solaris, IBM) • LINUX • Novell

14. LAN Security • LAN Security should be built in from the starts • Password rules (length & characters) • Remote access consideration • Encryption implementation • Backups & restores, off-site storage • Policies • User • Admins • Remote access VPNs

15. Home Networks • Peer – to –Peer • Ethernet • Wireless • Phone Line Networks • Multiple computers share one internet connection • Power Line Networks • Faster speeds saw a spike in broadband users • Many reasons to have a home network, but easy installation is the largest reason.

16. Network Management Design & Implementation • Develop the statement of requirements • Investigate Alternatives • Network Design • Select Equipment & Vendors • Prepare for Implementation • Implementation • Cutover

17. Network Management Requirements & Alternatives • Develop the statement of requirements • Ensure that the network engineer understands requirements • Work closely with management and users • Obtain concurrence • Investigate Alternatives • Ask Questions , research methods to meet requirements

18. Network Management Network Design & Selection of Vendors • Network Design • Modeling • Simulation • Star, Ring , fully meshed • Expected Traffic Flow • Select Equipment & Vendors • Use information obtained • Request for Proposals • Calculation of costs & benefits

19. Network Management Preparation for Implementation/Implementation • Preparation for Implementation • Develop project plan • Obtain approval from management • Communication to users • Implementation • Installation • Stress testing • Work Load Generators • Cable and wiring labeling • Training

20. Network Management Cutover • Startup of new or upgraded network • Testing each and every function • Use pre-defined test scripts • Increased staffing to support cut over • Changes made must be documented • Post Installation Audit of implementation

21. Review Questions 1. The client software called NetBIOS, which stands for Network Basic Input-Output Systems, operates at both layer 2 (the data link layer) and layer _______ (the session control layer) of the OSI model. a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 7

22. Review Questions 2. More and more families are creating home networks to ______________. a. avoid the high cost of ISPs b. share a high-speed Internet connection c. practice their networking skills d. ensure greater network security

23. Review Questions 3. One of the most important prerequisites for home networking is _____________. a. thorough knowledge of networking b. an MSCE certification c. broadband cable access d. ease of installation

24. Review Questions 4. Which of the following is not a phase of network design as described in the text? a. developing the statement of requirements b. investigating alternatives c. network design d. implementation

25. Review Questions 5. Management approval of a technical project is normally required _____. a. at the beginning of the project b. at the end of most phases of the network design process c. after the network is installed and they can see how it is operating d. only under exceptional circumstances

26. Review Questions 6. IPsec is used in which of the following? a. SPOOLing b. VPNs c. MVS d. PDNA

27. Review Questions 7. Attenuation is ________________. a. the increase of signal strength by a factor of ten b. only an issue on digital circuits c. the weakening of a signal over a distance d. only an issue on circuits provided by ATT

28. Review Questions 8. Which of the following statements is true? a. Network cabling is often more expensive than the cost of the labor necessary to install it. b. It is best to install cabling with just enough capacity to meet today’s requirements. c. Cabling does not need to be labeled because it can easily be traced. d. all of the above e. none of the above

29. Review Questions 9. Internetwork designers must ___________ a. deal with multiple organizations b. consider the high speed backbone that will carry traffic between networks. c. understand how routers, switches, and bridges work. d. consider traffic prioritization issues. e. All of the above.

30. Review Questions 10. Which of the following routing techniques are used in WANs? a. dynamic routing b. distributed routing c. static routing d. All of the above

31. Homework • Due Next Week • Review: • Chapter 12, pp. 318-344 • Chapter 18, pp. 521-531 • Read: • Chapter 13, pp. 350-371 • Chapter 14, pp. 378-411 • Complete: • Multiple Choice Questions 1-7 on pp. 373-374 • Multiple Choice Questions 1-10 on pp. 412-414