1 / 31

Genetics

Genetics. Chapters 11-12. True-breeding Hybridization P generation F 1 generation F 2 generation Alleles Dominant Recessive Homozygous Heterozygous (hybrid). Vocabulary. Law of segregation Law of independent assortment. Laws. http://www.bozemanscience.com/probability-in-genetics.

fox
Download Presentation

Genetics

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Genetics Chapters 11-12

  2. True-breeding • Hybridization • P generation • F1 generation • F2 generation • Alleles • Dominant • Recessive • Homozygous • Heterozygous (hybrid) Vocabulary

  3. Law of segregation • Law of independent assortment Laws

  4. http://www.bozemanscience.com/probability-in-genetics Laws of probability

  5. Complete dominance • Incomplete dominance • Codominance Degrees of dominance

  6. Maybe dominant at organismal level, but codominant at molecular level • Ex. Tay Sachs Dominance and Phenotype

  7. Blood types Multiple alleles

  8. Genes may have multiple phenotypic effects • Ex. Sickle cells, cystic fibrosis Pleiotropy

  9. A gene at one locus affects a gene at another locus • Ex. Labrador retrievers p 217 Epistasis

  10. Many genes involved • Ex. Human skin color and height Polygenic inheritance

  11. Multifactorial-may include genetic and environmental factors • Ex. Heart disease, diabetes, cancer, alcholism, mental illnesses Nature and Nuture

  12. Pedigrees

  13. To wed a cousin or not to wed, that is the question… consanguineous

  14. Albinism • Cystic fibrosis 1/2500 of European descent (4% are carriers) • Sickle Cell Anemia (1/400) (2 allelesfull blown, but organismal level-incompletely dominant; heterozygotes have sickle trait-but may have trouble when oxygen low; molecularcodominant) Recessive disorders

  15. Huntington’s Choreahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nt2WbFC9ybs • Achondroplasia Dominant Disorders

  16. Sutton, Boveri, et.al • Mendelian genes have specific loci along chromosomes, and it is the chromosomes that undergo segregation and independent assortment Chromosome theory of Inheritance

  17. Fly guy-Drosophila melanogaster • Great experimental organism • Small, large # of offspring, short life span, 8 chromosomes, easily observed traits Phenotype most commonly observed in natural populations~wild type; alternatives~mutant phenotypes Invented notation – use letter of first mutant discovered and wild is indicated with + So, red eyes are dominant and the wild type: w+ White eyes were first mutant: w Thomas Hunt Morgan

  18. Sex-linked traits

  19. SRY-sex determining region of the Y • Y-linked • X-linked Sex chromosomes

  20. Sex linked recessive pedigree

  21. Males can’t be carriers • Males get it from Mom • Males have it more often • Color blindness • Hemophilia-Royal disease (Queen Victoria) • Duchenne muscular dystrophy Sex Linked disorders

  22. One of the X chromosomes is inactivated in embryonic development • Barr Body (Mary Lyon found it is random)-leads to a mosaic • Tortoiseshell cat X inactivation in Female Mammals

  23. Attach methyl groups to DNA • On one X, XIST (X-inactive specific transcript) becomes activemakes RNA product that attaches to one andBarr body How X is inactivated

  24. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-_UcDhzjOio Linked genes

  25. Abnormal chromosome number • Nondisjunction in anaphase I or II • Monosomy • Trisomy • Polyploid • Down syndrome • Klinefelter • Turner Aneuploidy

  26. Deletion • Duplication • Inversion • Translocation Alterations in chromosome structure

  27. Cri du chat deletion of part of #5 • CML- chronic myelogenous leukemia reciprocaltranslocation between #9 and #22-shortened 22Philadelphia chromosome Disorders

  28. Angelmans syndrome http://www.angelman.org/understanding-as/diagnosis/ • Prader-Willi’s syndromehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-6nzi5Rc4wY Genomic imprinting

More Related