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Solid Waste & Health

Solid Waste & Health. Background A. RCRA (Resource Conservation & Recovery Act) 1. Actions 2. Major components a. Management of solid waste b. Control disposal of hazardous waste c. Control leakage of underground storage tanks. B. Municipal solid waste (MSW)

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Solid Waste & Health

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  1. Solid Waste & Health Background A. RCRA (Resource Conservation & Recovery Act) 1. Actions 2. Major components a. Management of solid waste b. Control disposal of hazardous waste c. Control leakage of underground storage tanks

  2. B. Municipal solid waste (MSW) 1. Categories a. Non-durable goods

  3. B. Municipal solid waste (MSW) 1. Categories b. Durable goods

  4. B. Municipal solid waste (MSW) 1. Categories c. Containers & packaging

  5. B. Municipal solid waste (MSW) 1. Categories d. Food waste

  6. B. Municipal solid waste (MSW) 1. Categories e. Yard waste

  7. B. Municipal solid waste (MSW) 1. Categories f. Misc. organic waste

  8. 3. Sources of solid waste a. Residential b. Institutional c. Commercial d. Industrial

  9. C. Other solid waste 1. Types a. Sewage sludge b. Mining waste c. Agricultural waste d. Nonhazardous industrial waste e. Waste from oil & gas production f. Building & demolition waste 2. Disposal

  10. II. Management of waste A. Conventional MSW management 1. Relative components

  11. 2. Components a. Landfills i. Requirements under RCRA (1) Double liners (2) Leachate collection systems (3) Monitoring wells (4) Methane detection & venting

  12. ii. Critical components (1) Components of the landfill itself (a) Soil & granular layers (b) Liner (c) Landfill cells (d) Cap

  13. (2) Pollution control components (a) Groundwater monitors (b) Leachate collection (i) Pipes & pumps (ii) Holding ponds (c) Methane management

  14. (c) Methane management (i) Monitors (ii) Venting (iii) Resource recovery

  15. (3) Considerations of hydrological & geological setting

  16. iii. Types of landfills iv. Use of finished landfills v. Decomposition of materials in landfills

  17. b. Resource recovery (recycling) i. Reasons for recycling (1) Reduce landfill usage (2) Reduce resource usage (3) Limit pollution production & energy consumption

  18. iii. Processing (1) Materials recycling facility (2) Processing within facilities

  19. v. Use of recycled products (1) Original use

  20. (2) Other uses

  21. c. Incinerators i. Conventional

  22. ii. Waste-to-energy (1) Uses (2) Stages (a) Combustion (b) Energy recovery (c) Minimization or neutralization of pollutants (3) Types

  23. iii. Sorting of waste (1) Refused derived fuel (RDF) (2) Other (a) Components (b) Fate

  24. B. Alternative MSW management 1. Source reduction a. Reuse of materials i. Conventional ii. Alternative b. Package design c. Consumer practices

  25. 2. Composting a. Materials that can be composted b. Process of composting

  26. III. Health Hazards for Solid Wastes A. Chemical 1. Sources a. Leachate b. Gases

  27. 2. Components a. Microbial breakdown products b. Solvents & household chemicals c. Metals

  28. B. Biological 1. Sources of biological hazards a. “Garbage-loving” disease vectors

  29. b. Mosquitoes

  30. c. Birds

  31. d. Promoting growth of unwanted microorganisms i Pathogens ii. Algae

  32. e. Wildlife

  33. 2. Reduction of biological hazards a. Tightly covered containers b. Compaction c. Quick processing d. Shredding

  34. C. Physical hazards & nuisances

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