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ENERGY (Chapter 7)

ENERGY (Chapter 7). Adenosine Triphosphate. Energy Release from ATP Hydrolysis. 66. ATP + H 2 O. ADP + P. +. CELLULAR “GASOLINE”. 1. 65. 2. 20. 58. 57. Cellular Tasks that Need Energy. Bacterium. 67. Cellular Tasks that need Energy. 71. 70. 69. Protozoan.

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ENERGY (Chapter 7)

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  1. ENERGY (Chapter 7) Adenosine Triphosphate

  2. Energy Release from ATP Hydrolysis 66 ATP + H2O ADP + P +

  3. CELLULAR “GASOLINE” 1 65 2 20 58 57

  4. Cellular Tasks that Need Energy Bacterium 67

  5. Cellular Tasks that need Energy 71 70 69 Protozoan

  6. Cellular Tasks that Need Energy 68

  7. Source of Adenosine Triphosphate?

  8. ATP SYNTHESIS 72 + + H2O + (Restoring the ATP Supply)

  9. Chemical Energy of Glucose 73

  10. Releasing Energy from Glucose 73

  11. GLYCOLYSIS 2 + • Cytoplasm • Yields Net 2 ATP / Glucose • Oxygen Indifferent 74

  12. CELLULAR/AEROBIC RESPIRATION (Kreb’s Cycle, Electron Transport Chain) 2 6CO2 + 6 H20 + • Mitochondrion • Yields 32-36 ATP / Glucose • O2 Dependent 59

  13. ATP ATP 4 4

  14. HETEROTROPH: 8 7 63 60 62

  15. 5 AUTOTROPHS: 63 64

  16. MIXOTROPH: 5

  17. CHEMOSYNTHESIS (Oxidize a Chemical, Utilize Energy Released to Synthesize Glucose)

  18. OXIDATION OF HYDROGEN DISULFIDE • Oxidize a chemical (H2S) 2S + 2H2O + Energy 2H2S + O2 B) Use Energy and CO2 to Synthesize Sugar Energy (Chemical) 6 CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + O2

  19. NITRIFICATION A) Oxidize Ammonium or Nitrite 2NO2- + 2H2O + Energy 2NH4+ + 3O2 (Nitrosomonas) 2NO3- + Energy 2NO2- + O2 (Nitrobacter) B) Use Energy and CO2 to Synthesize Sugar Energy 6 CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + O2

  20. Autotrophs: Photosynthesis 12 Energy (Light) 6 CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 10

  21. 13

  22. Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) ( ~ Visible Spectrum)

  23. Fig. 6.3 in Molles 2006

  24. LEAF ANATOMY (C3 Anatomy) 17 16

  25. C3 Photosynthesis Rubisco

  26. RUBISCO

  27. C3 Plants (Cool Season Grasses)

  28. 41 Drawbacks of Rubisco: 1) 2)

  29. C4 Photosynthesis (Alternative Strategy to Fix Carbon I) (Warm-Season Grasses)

  30. Anatomy of C4 Plants Mesophyll Cells • Pep Carboxylase Fixes CO2 as a 4-Carbon Sugars) • (e.g., Oxaloacetate, Malate) • CO2 is Cleaved off of 4-Carbon Sugar • and Accumulates • Rubisco Fixes CO2, Dark Reaction Happens, Glucose is Produced Bundle Sheath Cells

  31. C4 Photosynthesis Rubisco PEP Carboxylase Fig. 7.5 in Molles 2013

  32. PEP CARBOXYLASE (Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase)

  33. 42 Advantages of PEP Carboxylase (2): Disadvantages of PEP Carboxylase:

  34. Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM): Alternative Strategy to Fix Carbon II (CAM Plants)

  35. CAM Photosynthesis PEP Carboxylase Rubisco Fig. 7.5 in Molles 2013

  36. 45 21 Advantages of CAM: Disadvantages of CAM:

  37. 22 C4 CAM

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