World Bank Experience in Landfill Gas and Prospects for Indonesia

1. World Bank Experience in Landfill Gas and Prospects for Indonesia Dr. John Morton Environmental Specialist The World Bank East Asia and Pacific Region

2. Overview Role of landfill gas management and carbon finance in Solid Waste Management The World Bank Experience Latin America example Some worldwide lessons Assessing prospects for Indonesia What could Indonesias waste produce Are there issues with quality of disposal sites Assessing the potential of your site ?

3. The Role of Landfill Gas Management and Carbon Finance in SWM

4. Common Problems in SWM Lack of well managed solid waste disposal sites. Scavengers NIMBY and lack of information and communication Insufficient recovery of costs and financing inhibits good operation Lack of strategic planning at central and municipal level Low management and technical capacity at a municipal level The Role of Landfill Gas Management and Carbon Finance in Solid Waste Management

5. Strategies for addressing solid waste issues The Role of Landfill Gas Management and Carbon Finance in Solid Waste Management The World Bank and Landfill Gas Management • Closure of open dumps and construction of sanitary landfills • Promote decentralizaton and strategic planning mechanisms. • Political dialog • Create incentives for cost recovery systems • Increase the knowledge on waste management practices to be able to take strategic decisions • Include financing available for reducing greenhouse gas emissions as a tool to promote sound waste management practices.

6. The Role of Landfill Gas Management and Carbon Finance in Solid Waste Management Reducing greenhouse gas emission from waste: Landfill Gas CH4 emissions Composting or other treatment Landfill Gas Collection CO2 CO2 CO2 Electricity Generation Flaring

7. WB Financing for reducing greenhouse gas emissions: Global Environment Facility: Grant funds available for investment financing for climate change initiatives. Carbon Finance: Provides recurrent financing through purchases of “carbon credits” in exchange for monitorable and verifiable reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. The Role of Landfill Gas Management and Carbon Finance in Solid Waste Management The World Bank and Landfill Gas Management

8. Role of landfill gas and carbon finance opportunities Improves landfill safety, reduces odors and local air pollution. Incremental financing represents a key incentive to promote good SWM practices Carbon finance can improve cost recovery and contribute to the financing of closure of open dumps, programs for scavengers and help construct sanitary landfills. The Role of Landfill Gas Management and Carbon Finance in Solid Waste Management The World Bank and Landfill Gas Management

9. The World Bank Experience

10. Demonstration GEF projects: Grants to establish first-of-a kind power generation model Uruguay, Maldonado: 0.8 MW project Mexico, Monterrey: 7 MW project The World Bank Experience Latin America Experience:

11. Carbon finance projects: High number of projects in Brazil, but also Argentina, Mexico, Peru and Uruguay. Private sector very active in Brazil and Argentina in replicating model. Mexico: 2 landfill gas to energy (10 MW) and 1 flaring project Brazil: Novogerar 12 MW Argentina: Olavarria flaring project Capacity Building: Grants to finance pre-feasibility studies for 10 landfills in Brasil, Colombia, México, Perú, y Uruguay Brazil – WB partnership with public banks to finance landfill practices linked to carbon finance – wholesale of carbon projects in the waste management sector. The World Bank Experience The World Bank and Landfill Gas Management Latin America Experience:

12. Important to identify ownership of landfill gas and hence the seller of carbon credits – Municipality, concessionaire – division of carbon credits is possible Gas capture can be optimized by specific landfill engineering, but is only feasible when landfill is well managed (no scavengers, leachate treatment, etc.) Tropical countries produce more biogas in less time than in colder countries Energy generation is not always feasible, in many cases high taxes and transmission fees are prohibitive Worldwide Lessons Learned The World Bank Experience The World Bank and Landfill Gas Management

13. Assessing Prospects for Indonesia

14. 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.4 3.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.1 0.2 \ Prospects for Indonesia The World Bank and Landfill Gas Management Indonesia’s major urban centers produce nearly 10 million tons of waste/yr Medan Samarinda Pakanbaru Pontianak Jambi Padang Balikpapan Palembang Banjarmasin Tanjungkarang Jakarta Semarang Ujungpandang Surabaya Bandung Yogyakarta Denpasar

15. 27 9 11 7 16 6 7 23 7 15 140 21 19 33 32 5 9 Prospects for Indonesia What could this amount of waste do? Methane emissions (m3/yr) 404 million m3 methane per year

16. 5 2 2 1 1 3 1 5 2 3 29 4 4 7 7 1 2 Prospects for Indonesia What could this amount of waste do? Electricity (MW) 79 MW of electricity

17. i Prospects for Indonesia What could this amount of waste do? Revenues from carbon finance (Rp bill/yr) 9 3 2 4 5 2 2 7 2 4 40 7 6 11 9 2 3 Rp118 billion/yr

18. Is the quality of disposal practices important? Favorable conditions Unfavorable Depth: >10 m <5 m Cover: Daily No cover Compaction: yes none Liner: yes none Leachate: well drained not well drained Fires: none frequent Scavengers: none living on site Prospects for Indonesia The World Bank and Landfill Gas Management

19. Understanding the potential of your landfill Prospects for Indonesia

20. Terima Kasih