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Human Population

Human Population. BIO 103 Human Ecology Dr. Phoebe Smith. History of human evolution. Homo habilis ~3 mya in Africa Use of simple, stone tools Homo erectus ~1 mya in Europe & Asia Homo sapiens ~1.3 mya in Africa ‘ Out of Africa’ theory. Hunter-Gatherers.

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Human Population

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  1. Human Population BIO 103 Human Ecology Dr. Phoebe Smith

  2. History of human evolution • Homo habilis • ~3 mya in Africa • Use of simple, stone tools • Homo erectus • ~1 mya in Europe & Asia • Homo sapiens • ~1.3 mya in Africa • ‘Out of Africa’ theory

  3. Hunter-Gatherers • Consumed about 0.1% of biological production in the ecosystem

  4. Agricultural Revolution • Ocurred ~12,000 years ago in Middle East • Led to domestication of plants (crops) and animals • Increased percentage of biological production consumed • Increased carrying capacity

  5. Largest populations in river valleys of India and China • 14th c.--plague reduces world population by 25% • 16th c.--European colonialism and trade

  6. Industrial Revolution • 18th c. • Agriculture: wheat, corn, potatoes, sweet potatoes and rice • Technology increased production and carrying capacity • By the 19th c., large families (for labor) were no longer necessary

  7. Green Revolution • ~40 years ago • High-yield crop varieties (rice, wheat and corn) • What are the environmental effects of fertilizers, pesticides, etc.?

  8. Current population growth rates

  9. Population regulation • Are there cultural practices that limit population increase? • Territoriality • Polygamy • Infanticide • Breast-feeding

  10. Consequences of population explosion • Quality of life • Lack of food • Environmental refugees migrate to cities from rural areas • Competition for resources • War in Iraq • May be controlled • Birth control • Education

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